CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 33, No 2, March/April 2022 52 AFRICA Prevalence, patterns and predictors of dyslipidaemia in Nigeria: a report from the REMAH study Babangida Chori, Benjamin Danladi, Peter Nwakile, Innocent Okoye, Umar Abdullahi, Kefas Zawaya, Ime Essien, Kabiru Sada, Maxwell Nwegbu, John Ogedengbe, Akinyemi Aje, Godsent Isiguzo, Augustine Odili Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of dyslipidaemia in adults in Nigeria. Methods: Using the WHO criteria, we determined dyslipidaemia using serum lipid levels of 3 211 adult Nigerians, aged at least 18 years, obtained between March 2017 and February 2018 from two communities (rural and urban) in a state from each of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Results: The overall prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (l-HDL), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (e-LDL), hypertriglyceridaemia (h-TG) and hypercholesterolaemia (h-CHL) were 72.5,13.6, 21.4 and 7.5%, respectively. The adjusted odds of h-CHL [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.47 (1.10–1.95)], h-TG [1.89 (1.48–2.41)] and e-LDL [1.51 (1.03–2.15)] increased with obesity. Being a rural dweller increased the odds of h-TG [1.55 (1.29–1.85)], e-LDL [1.38 (1.10–1.73)] and l-HDL [1.34 (1.14–1.58)]. The odds of h-CHL [2.16 (1.59–2.95)], h-TG [1.21 (1.01–1.47)], e-LDL [1.42 (1.13–1.80)] and l-HDL [0.78 (0.65–0.93)] increased with hypertension. Diabetes mellitus doubled only the odds of h-TG [2.04(1.36–3.03)]. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia, particularly low HDL-C, is high among adult Nigerians. Keywords: dyslipidaemia, elevated LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, subSaharan Africa Submitted 16/4/21, accepted 12/7/21 Published online 15/11/21 Cardiovasc J Afr 2022; 33: 52–59 www.cvja.co.za DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2021-037 Africa is currently faced with a double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The latter, which was less common in past decades, is predicted to take the lead in the next decade.1 The sudden rise in the burden of NCDs, which is fuelled partially by the adoption of urbanised and unhealthy lifestyles, is understood to be the repercussion of increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors, including high blood pressure, obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus. Dyslipidaemia is a major driver of atherosclerosis,2 from which various CVD are known to originate.3,4 Dyslipidaemia, together with smoking, obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, account for over 80% of the CVD burden across the globe.5,6 Lack of reliable data remains a major challenge to assessing the burden of dyslipidaemia in Africa and this is responsible for the misconception that dyslipidaemia rarely occurs. A recent review of dyslipidaemia among Africans living in Africa indicates that countrywide, data are scarce and the burden of dyslipidaemia is high.7 Nigeria possesses a fast-growing economy and population, which is expected to contribute hugely to the burden of dyslipidaemia in Africa. As in many other African nations, the Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria Babangida Chori, BSc Benjamin Danladi, BSc Department of Community Health, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria Peter Nwakile, MB BS, MWACP Department of Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu University, Awka, Anambra, Nigeria Innocent Okoye, MB BS, FWACP Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria Umar Abdullahi, MB BS, FMCP Kabiru Sada, MB BS, FMCP Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Nigeria Kefas Zawaya, MB BS, FMCP Department of Medicine, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria Ime Essien, MB BS, FM Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria Maxwell Nwegbu, MB BS, FWACP Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria John Ogedengbe, MB BS, PhD Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria Akinyemi Aje, MB BS, FMCP Department of Medicine, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria Godsent Isiguzo, MB BS, WACP Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja; Beside School of Nursing, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria Augustine Odili, MB BS, PhD, augustine.odili@uniabuja.edu.ng
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