CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 33, No 2, March/April 2022 68 AFRICA levels and certain parameters. Of the left-sided parameters (Table 6) in the whole study group, interleukin-6 levels correlated positively with the anterior–posterior diameter of the left atrium (LA), end-diastolic diameter (EDD) of the left ventricle (LV), end-systolic diameter (ESD) of the LV, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), septal thickness in diastole, stroke volume and biplane end-diastolic volume of the LV. The mean E/e′ ratio and the global longitudinal strain of the LV had a negative correlation with the S wave of the lateral mitral annulus. In the controls, the first six of the correlation remained significant and were stronger, while the latter four were not present. In the gestational hypertension group, there was a weak positive correlation only with the e′ wave of the medial mitral annulus, but no correlation with the mean value of the medial and lateral e′ waves. In the pre-eclampsia group, there were positive correlations with the EDD and ESD of the LV as well as the indexed ESD and the indexed and non-indexed end-diastolic volume. In the combined hypertensive group, there Table 3. Comparative analysis of interleukin-6 levels according to gravidity, smoking status of the women and smoking during pregnancy by group Groups Gravidity 1 2 3+ Number Mean SD Number Mean SD Number Mean SD Whole sample 48 6.25a 10.02 41 4.61bc 7.51 34 3.84ac 3.14 Controls 12 3.64a 2.89 22 1.97a 1.72 16 3.20a 2.71 GH 20 6.25a 6.12 7 3.50 2.47 9 3.73a 3.90 PE 16 8.21a 15.85 12 10.09a 12.19 9 5.09a 3.01 GH + PE 36 7.12a 11.36 19 7.66a 10.17 18 4.41a 3.45 Smoking status Never Former Current Number Mean SD Number Mean SD Number Mean SD Whole sample 43 5.07a 10.68 15 2.60a 2.68 60 5.70b 6.36 Controls 13 1.64a 1.68 10 2.69ac 2.17 27 3.34bc 2.69 GH 15 2.88a 2.48 2 4.57 6.41 16 7.41b 6.43 PE 15 10.22a 17.00 3 1.00 1.03 17 7.84a 9.03 GH + PE 30 6.55a 12.51 5 2.43 3.82 33 7.63b 7.76 Smoking during pregnancy p-value No Yes Number Mean SD Number Mean SD Whole sample 32 6.13 7.90 28 5.21 4.05 0.646 Controls 13 3.48 3.29 14 3.20 2.11 0.794 GH 10 7.22 8.21 6 7.73 1.50 – PE 9 8.72 11.36 8 6.85 6.06 0.743 GH + PE 19 7.93 9.57 14 7.23 4.57 0.358 GH: gestational hypertension; PE: pre-eclampsia; SD: standard deviation. Same letters in the rows signify the lack of a statistical difference, while different letters signify the presence of a significant difference (p < 0.05). Subgroups with n < 8 were not analysed due to lack of statistical representability. 1 – Specificity 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Sensitivity 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Fig. 1. ROC curve for interleukin-6 (AUC = 0.65, р = 0.020) for determining the cut-off value for differentiating between the controls and gestational hypertension group. 1 – Specificity 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Sensitivity 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Fig. 2. ROC curve for interleukin-6 (AUC = 0.70, р = 0.002) for determining the cut-off value for differentiating between the controls and pre-eclampsia group.
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