Cardiovascular Journal of Africa: Vol 33 No 2 (MARCH/APRIL 2022)

CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 33, No 2, March/April 2022 AFRICA 83 that cause our patients to arrive at surgery with co-morbidities such as pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular failure and atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary hypertension is a real problem in our patients and the milrinone + sildenafil protocol has yielded good results. Co-operation with NGOs for the promotion of cardiac surgery remains an absolute necessity for our countries where health systems are very fragile. References 1. Moloi AH, Watkins D, Engel ME, Mall S, Zühlke L. Epidemiology, health systems and stakeholders in rheumatic heart disease in Africa: a systematic review protocol. Br Med J Open 2016; 6(5): e011266. 2. Barsaoui S. Rhumatisme articulaire aigu chez l’enfant. EMC-Pédiatrie 2005; 2(3): 243–55. 3. Mocumbi A. Rheumatic heart disease in Africa: is there a role for genetic studies? Cardiovasc J Afr 2015; 26(2): S21–26. 4. Lin Y, Till BM, Yi S, Dahm JS, Taylor K, Lu N, et al. Cardiac surgery publications in Africa over the last 20 years: a literature review. South Afr J Sci 2020 Jan 29 [cited 2021 Jan 5]; 116(1/2). Available from: https:// www.sajs.co.za/article/view/6359 5. Vervoort D, Meuris B, Meyns B, Verbrugghe P. Global cardiac surgery: access to cardiac surgical care around the world. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 159(3): 987–996. 6. Mirabel M, Lachaud M, Offredo L, Lachaud C, Zuschmidt B, Ferreira B, et al. Cardiac surgery in low-income settings: 10 years of experience from two countries. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 110(2): 82–90. 7. Yacoub MH. Establishing pediatric cardiovascular services in the developing world: a wake-up call. Circulation 2007; 116(17): 1876–1878. 8. Yankah C, Fynn-Thompson F, Antunes M, Edwin F, Yuko-Jowi C, Mendis S, et al. Cardiac surgery capacity in sub-saharan Africa: quo vadis? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 62(5): 393–401. 9. Deloche A, Babatasi G, Baron O, Roux D, Chauvaud S, Sidi D, et al. La chirurgie cardiaque pédiatrique dans les pays en voie de développement. Vingt ans d’expérience de La Chaîne de l’Espoir. Bull Académie Natl Médecine 2011; 195(2): 305–308. 10. Opara CC, Aghassibake N, Watkins DA. Economic consequences of rheumatic heart disease: A scoping review. Int J Cardiol 2021; 323: 235–241. 11. Muhamed B, Mutithu D, Aremu O, Zühlke L, Sliwa K. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: Facts and research progress in Africa. Int J Cardiol 2019; 295: 48–55. 12. Kingué S, Ba SA, Balde D, Diarra MB, Anzouan-Kacou J-B, Anisubia B, et al. The VALVAFRIC study: A registry of rheumatic heart disease in Western and Central Africa. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 109(5): 321–329. 13. Zühlke L, Mirabel M, Marijon E. Congenital heart disease and rheumatic heart disease in Africa: recent advances and current priorities. Heart 2013; 99(21): 1554–1561. 14. Zühlke L, Engel ME, Karthikeyan G, Rangarajan S, Mackie P, Cupido B, et al. Characteristics, complications, and gaps in evidence-based interventions in rheumatic heart disease: the Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY study). Eur Heart J 2015; 36(18): 1115–1122. 15. Patra C. Morbidity after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass and associated factors: A retrospective observational study. Indian Heart J 2019; 71(4): 350–355. 16. Ibrahim KS. Predictors of short-term mortality after rheumatic heart valve surgery: A single-center retrospective study. Ann Med Surg 2021; 62: 395–401. 17. Yamauchi T. Risk index for postoperative acute kidney injury after valvular surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104(3): 868–875. 18. Auer J, Weber T, Berent R, Ng C-K, Lamm G, Eber B. Risk factors of postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. J Card Surg 2005; 20(5): 425–431. 19. Magne J, Pibarot P, Sengupta PP, Donal E, Rosenhek R, Lancellotti P. Pulmonary hypertension in valvular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8(1): 83–99. 20. Bizzarro M, Gross I, Barbosa FT. Inhaled nitric oxide for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with congenital heart disease. Cochrane Anaesthesia Group, editor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014 Jul 3 [cited 2021 Apr 9]; Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD005055.pub3 21. Nadar K, Alphonsus C, Hardy A. Blood transfusion related to procedure in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Sth Afr J Anaesth Analg 2020: 91–98. 22. Diao M, Kane A, Ndiaye MB, Mbaye A, Bodian M, Dia MM, et al. Pregnancy in women with heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 104(6–7): 370–374. 23. Chauvaud S, Fuzellier J-F, Berrebi A, Deloche A, Fabiani J-N, Carpentier A. Long-term (29 years) results of reconstructive surgery in rheumatic mitral valve insufficiency. Circulation 2001; 104(suppl 1): I-12–I-15.

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