1.0Cardiovascular Journal of Africahttps://cvja.co.za/journalrich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="XBHQAe7jaa"><a href="https://cvja.co.za/journal/cvja-2026-042/">Safety and patient comfort after coronary artery bypass surgery: Conventional versus single-drain – a retrospective cohort study</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://cvja.co.za/journal/cvja-2026-042/embed/#?secret=XBHQAe7jaa" width="600" height="338" title="“Safety and patient comfort after coronary artery bypass surgery: Conventional versus single-drain – a retrospective cohort study” — Cardiovascular Journal of Africa" data-secret="XBHQAe7jaa" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script> /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(d,l){"use strict";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),c=new RegExp("^https?:$","i"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display="none";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute("style"),"height"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):"link"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute("src")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener("message",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll("iframe.wp-embedded-content"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute("data-secret"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+="#?secret="+t,e.setAttribute("data-secret",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:"ready",secret:t},"*")},!1)))}(window,document); //# sourceURL=https://cvja.co.za/journal/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js </script> This study aimed to evaluate whether on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the left internal mammary artery can be safely performed without pleural drain placement and whether this approach improves postoperative comfort by reducing pain and pulmonary complications.