{"id":5024,"date":"2025-07-29T14:04:45","date_gmt":"2025-07-29T12:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cvja.co.za\/journal\/?p=5024"},"modified":"2025-07-29T14:11:59","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T12:11:59","slug":"cvja-2025-025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cvja.co.za\/journal\/cvja-2025-025\/","title":{"rendered":"Cardiometabolic risk factors among public school teachers in Vhembe District: a cross-sectional study"},"content":{"rendered":"    <div id=\"article\">                                                                                                                        \r\n        <div id=\"title-container\">                                                                                                    \r\n        <div id=\"authors-title\">                                                                                                            \r\n        <!--Aurthors under Title-->                                                                                                            \r\n            ZL Ratshilivha, TC Mahopo, S Jacobs, TC Muluvhu                                                                                                       \r\n        <\/div>        \r\n<\/div>                                                                                                                            \r\n            <div id=\"copyright\">\r\n        <strong>Copyright:<\/strong> Clinics Cardive Publishing (Pty) Ltd. publisher\r\n        of Cardiovascular Journal of Africa.<\/div>\r\n    <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>                                                                                                                                \r\n        <div id=\"article-abstract\">                                                                                                            \r\n            <div id=\"abstract-title\">                                                                                                        \r\n                    Abstract                                                                                                                \r\n                <\/div>                                                                                                                        \r\n                                                                                                                                \r\n            <div id=\"abstract-content\">                                                                                                        \r\n            <!--Content of Abstract Article-->                                                                                                \r\n            <!--<strong>\"Abstract titles\":<\/strong>-->                                                                                        \r\n            <!--<br\/> at the end of each section!!-->                                                                                        \r\n                                                                                                                                            \r\n        <strong>Aim:<\/strong>                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                                    \r\n        This study aimed to assess the prevalence of key cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes, among public school teachers in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province, South Africa.                                                                                                                   \r\n                <br \/>                                                                                                                            \r\n                                                                                                                                                \r\n        <strong>Methods:<\/strong>                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                                    \r\n         A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 201 public school teachers. Stratified random sampling was used to select teachers on the teachers' list obtained from the Department of Education. Anthropometric measurement variables, which included including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure (BP), were measured. Biochemical analyses included fasting blood profiles, measuring total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGL) and glucose levels. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 17, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.                                                                                                                    \r\n                <br \/>        \r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t<strong>Results:<\/strong>                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                                    \r\n        Obesity was observed in 43.7% of participants, with females demonstrating a significantly (P = 0.000) higher prevalence (62.5%) than males (20.2%). Additionally, 43.2% of participants presented with high-risk WC, with males (50.5%) being more affected than females (37.5%). Stage 1 systolic blood pressure hypertension was identified in 18.4% of participants, and 23.8% had diabetes. Dyslipidaemia was marked by elevated LDL, low HDL and increased triglyceride levels, with a higher prevalence in females.                                                                                                                    \r\n                <br \/> \r\n                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \r\n                                                                                                                                                \r\n        <strong>Conclusions:<\/strong>                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                                    \r\n         The findings indicate a substantial burden of cardiometabolic risk factors among teachers in the Vhembe district. Urgent implementation of targeted interventions, including health promotion, lifestyle modification, and routine health screenings, is imperative. Further research is needed to validate these findings across different regions in South Africa.                                                                                                               \r\n                <br \/>        \r\n\r\n                                                                                                                                                \r\n            <\/div>                                                                                                                            \r\n        <\/div>                                                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                        \r\n                                                                                                                                                \r\n        <div id=\"keywords\">                                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                            \r\n            <strong>Keywords:<\/strong>                                                                                                        \r\n                                                                                                                                            \r\n            <strong>cardiometabolic risk factors, teachers, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, public school<\/strong>                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                                \r\n        <\/div>                                                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                                \r\n    <div id=\"publish-info\">                                                                                                                    \r\n                                                                                                                                \r\n    <strong>Submitted:<\/strong> October 24, 2024; <!--Month day, year; -->    \r\n    <strong>Accepted:<\/strong> April 4, 2025; <!--Month day, year; -->                                                                            \r\n    <strong>Published:<\/strong> June 30, 2025<!--Month day, year; -->                                                                                                                            <br \/>                                                            \r\n        <em>Cardiovasc J Afr 2025; <b>36<\/b>: 161-171<!--pg no. till pg no. \"eg. 4-7\"--><\/em>\r\n        <br \/><strong>Volume 36, Issue 2<\/strong> <br \/>                                                                            \r\n        <\/div>                                                                                                                            \r\n                                                                                                                                        \r\n    <div id=\"DOI\">                                                                                                                    \r\n            DOI Citation Reference: dx.doi.org\/10.5830\/CVJA-2025-025<!--DOI number-->                                                                \r\n        <\/div>                                                                                                                            \r\n                \r\n\t\t\t\t         <div id=\"author-affiliation\">                                                                                                \r\n                                                                                                                                        \r\n                <strong>Department of Sport, Rehabilitation and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa<\/strong>    <br \/>                                                                            \r\n                                                                                                                                        \r\nZL Ratshilivha\r\nS Jacobs\r\nTC Muluvhu<br \/> \r\n                                                                                                                                        \r\n            <div id=\"author-affiliation\">                                                                                                \r\n                                                                                                                                        \r\n                <strong>Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa<\/strong>    <br \/>                                                                            \r\n                                                                                                                                        \r\nTC Mahopo<br \/>                                                                                                <br \/>\r\n\r\n                [soshsc hide=\"logged\"]\r\n                <strong>You need to be <a style=\"color: #c80c44;\" href=\"https:\/\/cvja.co.za\/journal\/member-login\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">logged in to view and download<\/a> the full text PDF version. <a style=\"color: #c80c44;\" href=\"https:\/\/cvja.co.za\/journal\/register\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Register for a free account?<\/a><\/strong> <br \/><br \/>[\/soshsc]\r\n                \r\n                \r\n                \r\n                <\/div>\r\n    \r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of key cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes, among public school teachers in Vhembe district, Limpopo Province, South 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