CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 25, No 6, November/December 2014
AFRICA
301
dp/0198525672.
2.
Chiuve SE, McCullough ML, Sacks FM, Rimm EB. Healthy lifestyle
factors in the primary prevention of coronary heart disease among men:
benefits among users and nonusers of lipid-lowering and antihyperten-
sive medications.
Circulation
2006;
114
: 160–167.
3.
Noakes T, Creed S-A, Proudfoot J, Grier D.
The Real Meal Revolution
.
South Africa, Quiertree Publicatons, 2013.
4.
Chiuve SE, Rexrode KM, Spiegelman D,
et al
. Primary prevention of
stroke by healthy lifestyle.
Circulation
2008;
118
: 947–954.
5.
Van Dam RM, Li T, Spiegelman D, Franco OH, Hu FB. Combined
impact of lifestyle factors on mortality: prospective cohort study in US
women.
Br Med J
2008;
337
: 1440.
6.
Aravanis C, Corcondilas A, Dontas AS, Lekos D, Keys A. Coronary
heart disease in seven countries. IX. The Greek islands of Crete and
Corfu.
Circulation
1970;
41
(Suppl 4): I88–100.
7.
Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J,
et al
. A high-fat diet impairs cardiac
high-energy phosphate metabolism and cognitive function in healthy
human subjects.
Am J Clin Nutr
2011;
93
: 748–755.
8.
Fitó M, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J,
et al
; on behalf of the PREDIMED
study investigators. Effect of the Mediterranean diet
on heart failure
biomarkers: a randomized sample from the PREDIMED trial.
Eur J
Heart Fail
2014;
16
: 543–550.
9.
Cerling TE, Mbua E, Kirera FM,
et al
. Diet of
Paranthropus boisei
in
the early Pleistocene of East Africa.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
2011;
108
:
9337–9341.
10. Lindeberg S, Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y,
et al.
A Palaeolithic diet improves
glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals
with ischaemic heart disease.
Diabetologia
2007;
50
: 1795–1807.
11. Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Erlanson-Albertsson C, Ahrén B, Lindeberg S.
A paleolithic diet is more satiating per calorie than a Mediterranean-
like diet in individuals with ischemic heart disease.
Nutr Metab (Lond)
2010;
30
(7): 85.
12. Bronte-Stewart B, Keys A, Brock JF. Serum-cholesterol, diet, and coro-
nary heart disease; an inter-racial survey in the Cape Peninsula.
Lancet
1955;
269
: 1103–1108.
13. Bronte-Stewart B, Antonis A, Eales AA, Brock JF. Effects of feeding
different fats on serum-cholesterol levels.
Lancet
1956;
270
: 521.
14. Bronte-Stewart, B. The effect of dietary fats on the blood lipids and
their relation to ischaemic heart disease.
Br Med Bull
1958;
14
: 243–244.
15. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Friedman GD, Glennon WE, Mcnamara PM.
Risk factors in coronary heart disease. An evaluation of several serum
lipids as predictors of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study.
Ann Intern Med
1964;
61
: 888–899.
16. Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD,
et al
. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on
lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task
Force on practice guidelines. American College of Cardiology/American
Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines.
J Am Coll Cardiol
2014;
63
(25 Pt B): 2960–2968.
17. Norman R, Bradshaw D, Steyn K, Gaziano T; South African
Comparative Risk Assessment collaborating group. Estimating the
burden of disease attributable to high cholesterol in South Africa in
2000.
S Afr Med J
2007;
97
(8 Pt 2): 708–715.
18. Steyn K, Langenhoven ML, Joubert G,
et al
. The relationship between
dietary factors and serum cholesterol values in the coloured population
of the Cape Peninsula.
S Afr Med J
1990;
78
: 63.
19. Seedat YK, Mayet FG, Khan S, Somers SR, Joubert G. Risk factors
for coronary heart disease in the Indians of Durban.
S Afr Med J
1990;
78
: 447–454
.
20. Walker AR, Bhamjee D, Walker BF, Martin AP. Serum high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose tolerance and other variables in obese
black adolescent girls.
S Afr Med J
1979;
56
: 221–224.
21. Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP,
et al
. STAMPEDE investigators.
N
Engl J Med
2014;
370
(21): 2002–2013.
22. Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG. Statin use before diabetes diagnosis
and risk of microvascular disease: a nationwide nested matched study.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
, Online Publication, 10 September 2014.
23. Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH,
et al
. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline
on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardio-
vascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines.
J Am
Coll Cardiol
2014;
63
(25 Pt B): 2889–2934.
24. Naci H, Ioannidis JP Comparative effectiveness of exercise and drug
interventions on mortality outcomes: meta-epidemiological study.
Br
Med J
2013;
347
: 5577.
25. Banting W. Letter on corpulence, addressed to the public, 1869.
Obes
Res
1993;
1
: 153–163.
26. Westman E, Phinney S, Volek J.
New Atkins, New You
. London:
Vermillion, 2010.
27. Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y,
et al