Cardiovascular Journal of Africa: Vol 32 No 5 (SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2021)

CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 32, No 5, September/October 2021 260 AFRICA Conclusion This study found no difference between the tourniquet and clamp methods regarding vessel injury. The tourniquet is not ideal for the proximal field of extremities. In addition, it might cause vessel complications in the presence of underlying vascular disease. Also, skin, muscle and nerve complications could be encountered. Complication rates increased when the applied pressure was not adjusted to systemic blood pressure, extremity diameter and cuff width. When using a clamp in clinical practice, iatrogenic vessel injuries may be encountered during vascular dissection and may require peri-operative vascular surgeon consultation. However, clamp-related complications can be avoided with careful dissection and the minimum pressure required for occlusion. 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