AFRICA CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • SAHS Biennial Congress 16-18 September 2022 30 Submission ID: 1369 Introduction Traditionally, hypertension in children is due to secondary causes, with renal-related diseases being the most common cause. With the onset of the obesity epidemic, primary hypertension has become increasingly more common. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of hypertension at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) and the risk factors associated with hypertension. Methods A retrospective medical record review of children < 18years old diagnosed with persistent hypertension in the paediatric nephrology unit at RCWMCH from January 2000 - December 2019. The time line was divided into 2 decades; the 1st decade from 2000 to 2009 and the 2nd decade 2010 to 2019. Patients with an acute hypertensive crisis were excluded. Results A total of 156 children were enrolled in the study, 41 children and 115 children in the first and second decades respectively. The mean age at presentation was 7years 6 months. Overall, 112 children (72%) had secondary hypertension. The frequency of primary hypertension was significantly higher (p=0.01) in the second decade compared with the first decade, noted in 41 (35%) and 3 (8%) children respectively. Among those with primary hypertension, 20 were obese, 1 from the first decade and 19 (46%) in the second decade. The commonest presentation at diagnosis, was stage 2 hypertension in all age groups. Of the children with secondary hypertension, the majority (54%) were in the age group 6-12 years. Glomerulopathy (24%), renovascular disease (23%) and obstructive uropathy (9%) were the commonest causes of secondary hypertension. Hereditary cystic disease (36%) was the commonest cause of hypertension in children <1 year of age. The most commonly used anti-hypertensive agents were amlodipine (79%) followed by enalapril (39%) then furosemide (25% Conclusion There was a 3-fold increase in the number of children referred to our renal clinic over the last 2 decades. The number of children with primary hypertension increased exponentially in the last decade and a larger percentage of these children are obese. Secondary hypertension still remains more common. The causes of hypertension in our setting, were similar when compared internationally, except in infants. Name: Presenting Author Information Article Category Abstract Title University of Cape Town - Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital chaukemakamba@gmaiil.com English Abstract Clinical Causes of Hypertension at a Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa Author Affiliation: Email: Bonisiwe Chauke-Mkamba Authors Name & Surname Title Expertise Affiliation Email Country Bonisiwe ChaukeMakamba Dr Paediatric Nephrologist University of Cape Town chaukemakamba@gmail.com South Africa Mignon McCulloch Prof Paediatric Nephrologist University of Cape Town mignon.mcculloch@uct.ac.za South Africa Ashton Coetzee Dr Paediatric Nephrologist University of Cape Town ashton.73@gmail.com South Africa Peter Nourse Prof Paediatric Nephrologist University of Cape Town peter.nourse@uc.ac.za South Africa ORAL PRESENTATION
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