Cardiovascular Journal of Africa: Vol 34 No 3 (JULY/AUGUST 2023)

CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 34, No 3, July/August 2023 168 AFRICA This is the first description of a hospital blood managment programme that we are aware of. Limited blood supplies and the expense of blood-product transfusions will increase the importance of applying HBM programmes in the coming years and in a variety of care institutions. References 1. Shander A, Goodnough LT. Why an alternative to blood transfusion? Crit Care Clin 2009; 25(2): 261–277. 2. Murphy GJ, Reeves BC, Rogers CA, Rizvi SI, Culliford L, Angelini GD. Increased mortality, postoperative morbidity, and cost after red blood cell transfusion in patients having cardiac surgery. Circulation 2007; 116(22): 2544–2552. 3. Müller MM, Geisen C, Zacharowski K, Tonn T, Seifried E. Transfusion of packed red cells. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online 2015; 112(29–30): 507. 4. Carson JL, Guyatt G, Heddle NM, Grossman BJ, Cohn CS, Fung MK, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines From the AABB. J Am Med Assoc 2016; 316(19): 2025. 5. Kheiri B, Abdalla A, Osman M, Haykal T, Chintalapati S, Cranford J, et al. Restrictive versus liberal red blood cell transfusion for cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Blood 2018; 132(Suppl 1): 3821. 6. Shander A, Javidroozi M, Ozawa S, Hare G. What is really dangerous: anaemia or transfusion? Br J Anaesth 2011; 107: i41–i59. 7. Pagano D, Milojevic M, Meesters MI, Benedetto U, Bolliger D, von Heymann C, et al. 2017 EACTS/EACTA guidelines on patient blood management for adult cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg 2018; 53(1): 79–111. 8. Faraoni D, Meier J, New HV, van der Linden PJ, Hunt BJ. Patient blood management for neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery: 2019 NATA guidelines. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33(12): 3249–3263. 9. Shander A, Javidroozi M, Perelman S, Puzio T, Lobel G. From bloodless surgery to patient blood management. Mt Sinai J Med 2012; 79(1): 56–65. 10. Shander A. Step by step to an organised blood management programme. In: Seeber P and Shander A (eds). Basics of Blood Management. Masaaschusets: Blackwell, 2007. 11. 2016 Sağlık Bakanlığı – Türk Kızılayı Ulusal Kan ve Kan Bileşenleri Hazırlama Kullanım ve Kalite Güvencesi Rehberi at: https://www. kanver.org/Upload/Dosya/ulusal_kan_rehberi.pdf, August, 2021. 12. Steffel J, Verhamme P, Potpara TS, Albaladejo P, Antz M, Desteghe L, et al. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association practical guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39(16): 1330–1393. 13. Ferraris VA, Brown JR, Despotis GJ, Hammon JW, Reece TB, Saha SP, et al. 2011 update to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists blood conservation clinical practice guidelines. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 91(3): 944–982. 14. D’Agostino RS, Jacobs JP, Badhwar V, Paone G, Rankin JS, Han JM, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons adult cardiac surgery database: 2016 update on outcomes and quality. Ann Thorac Surg 2016; 101(1): 24–32. 15. Parolari A, Pesce LL, Pacini D, Mazzanti V, Salis S, Sciacovelli C, et al. Risk factors for perioperative acute kidney ınjury after adult cardiac surgery: role of perioperative management. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93(2): 584–591. 16. Karkouti K, Wijeysundera DN, Yau TM, Callum JL, Cheng DC, Crowther M, et al. Acute kidney ınjury after cardiac surgery. Circulation 2009; 119(4): 495–502. 17. LaPar DJ, Crosby IK, Ailawadi G, Ad N, Choi E, Spiess BD, et al. Blood product conservation is associated with improved outcomes and reduced costs after cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145(3): 796–804. 18. Garcia DA, Crowther MA. Reversal of warfarin. Circulation 2012; 125(23): 2944–2947. 19. Tran HA, Chunilal SD, Harper PL, Tran H, Wood EM, Gallus AS. An update of consensus guidelines for warfarin reversal. Med J Australia 2013; 198(4): 198–199. 20. Petricevic M, Petricevic M, Pasalic M, Cepulic BG, Raos M, Dujmic D, et al. Cost analysis of transfusion therapy in coronary artery surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 69(07): 621–629. 21. Hicks CW, Liu J, Yang WW, DiBrito SR, Johnson DJ, Brito A, et al. A comprehensive Choosing Wisely quality improvement initiative reduces unnecessary transfusions in an academic department of surgery. Am J Surg 2017; 214(4): 571–576. 22. Tauriainen T, Kinnunen E, Laitinen I, Anttila V, Kiviniemi T, Airaksinen JKE, et al. Transfusion and blood stream infections after coronary surgery. Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg 2018; 26(2): 325–327. 23. Indelen C, Uygun Kızmaz Y, Kar A, Shander A, Kırali K. The cost of one unit blood transfusion components and cost-effectiveness analysis results of transfusion improvement program. Turk Gogus Kalp Dama 2021; 29(2): 150–157.

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