CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 34, No 4, September/October 2023 214 AFRICA (Table 2). For this reason, both groups were evaluated separately in further analysis. No patient developed radiation damage to the skin. An arteriovenous fistula was detected after the procedure in only two of the 78 patients in whom the ipsilateral popliteal retrograde approach in the prone position was preferred. The fistula was closed in both patients with balloon angioplasty and their follow up was normal. Pseudo-aneurysm developed in only two of 77 patients in whom the femoral approach was preferred and no surgical operation was required in these two patients. No closure device was used in any patient. The data according to the anatomical region of the arterial lesion were compared with the Mann–Whitney U-test after being subjected to a distribution test with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. These values are given in Table 3. It was observed that the DAP value of the pelvic region was higher in both groups. When the patients with aorto-iliac lesions were divided into groups according to the Fontaine classification, no difference was found between the subgroups (Table 4), (FL time p = 0.137, DAP p = 0.181). Arterial intervention was achieved with four different approaches, planned before the procedure according to the pre-operative CTA images of our patients. Particularly in combined iliofemoral lesions and long-segment chronic femoral total occlusions, the patient was placed in the prone position and the ipsilateral popliteal retrograde approach was preferred with Doppler ultrasound. DAP and FL time values according to arterial puncture point are shown in Table 5. It was shown that these values w ere higher in patients with ipsilateral popliteal retrograde puncture than in patients with ipsilateral femoral antegrade puncture (FL time p = 0.00, DAP p = 0.005) The Spearman correlation test was used for comparisons between age and BMI values o f the patients and DAP and FL time. A weak negative correlation was found between the age of our patients and their BMI (r = –0.270, p = 0.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between DAP in patients with both pelvic (r = 0.601, p = 0.00) and femoropopliteal region (r = 0.512, p = 0.00) interventions (Figs 1, 2) and BMI. There was no significant correlation between FL time and BMI (p = 0.544, p = 0.124). While there was no correlation between age and DAP in the femoropopliteal region (p = 693), a moderate negative correlation (r = –0.493, p = 0.001) was found between DAP in the pelvic region and BMI (Figs 3, 4). 4 3 2 1 0 –1 –2 Observed value Expected normal 0 10 20 30 40 50 Fig. 1. Histogram plot showing the distribution curve for the FL time (min). 6 4 2 0 –2 –4 Observed value Expected normal 0 30 60 90 120 Fig. 2. Histogram plot showing the distribution curve for DAP (Gy cm2). Table 2. Comparison of patients who underwent angioplasty and those who underwent stenting after angioplasty Variables Angioplasty (mean ± SD) Angioplasty with stent p-value FL time (min) 10 ± 8 15 ± 9 0.00 DAP (Gy cm2) 18 ± 27 21 ± 17 0.069 Table 3. Comparison of patients according to the anatomical region of the arterial lesion p-value Angioplasty No. FL time (min)DAP (Gycm2) FL time DAP Angioplasty without stenting Pelvic region 15 7 ± 1 23 ± 22 0.215 0.020 Femoropopliteal region 84 11 ± 8 18 ± 27 Angioplasty with stenting Pelvic region 24 18 ± 9 29 ± 18 0.014 0.004 Femoropopliteal region 27 12 ± 7 15 ± 12 Table 4. Comparison of patients according to Fontaine classification Fontaine classification Number (%) FL time (min) DAP (Gycm2) 2A 51 (34) 12 ± 10 20 ± 29 2B 63 (42) 12 ± 8 16 ± 15 3 30 (20) 12 ± 7 26 ± 29 4 6 (4) 6 ± 1 22 ± 3 Table 5. Comparison of patients according to arterial access Puncture point Number (%) FL time (min) DAP (Gycm2) Ipsilateral popliteal retrograde 78 (52) 13 ± 9 25 ± 29 Ipsilateral femoral retrograde 15 (10) 9 ± 2 21 ± 24 Contralateral femoral retrograde 27 (18) 15 ± 8 15 ± 8 Ipsilateral femoral antegrade 30 (20) 5 ± 3 8 ± 11
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