CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 34, No 5, November/December 2023 AFRICA 271 Our study is primarily limited by the small sample size. While the training model may be generalisable, only two residents at a single teaching hospital participated in the study, making comment on generalisability impossible. This study serves as a proof of concept that a short, multimodal training course can lead to skill acquisition in echocardiography. Future work will focus on adapting this model to larger groups, other geographic contexts and other types of acquired and congenital heart disease. Additionally, evaluation of trainees took place during and immediately following the training period. This timeline does not allow us to comment on the maintenance of skills over time. We plan to evaluate this schedule in future studies to determine the frequency of needed refresher trainings. 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