CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 35, No 3, September – October 2024 162 AFRICA In order to avoid data loss due to dichotomisation, we analysed post-PCI SCr changes individually. There was no difference between TRA and TFA in terms of absolute and proportional change in SCr level in PS-matched patients as well as in the overall study patients (Table 3). We also analysed different AKI endpoints through dichotomisation. TRA resulted in a significantly lower incidence of SCr increase of > 50% in unmatched patients. However, after PS matching, there was no difference between TRA and TFA in any variable of post-PCI renal outcomes. Notably, none of the patients required post-procedural dialysis in the study. Table 1. Baseline demographic, laboratory, clinical and procedural data Baseline data Overall study population PS-matched study population Total (n = 339) Radial (n = 134) Femoral (n = 205) p-value Total (n = 182) Radial (n = 91) Femoral (n = 91) p-value Age, years 61.5 ± 11.4 61.6 ± 10.8 61.5 ± 11.8 0.913 61.1 ± 11.5 60.9 ± 11.2 61.4 ± 11.8 0.748 Female gender, n (%) 98 (29) 37 (28) 61 (30) 0.670 55 (30) 28 (31) 27 (30) 0.872 Hypertension, n (%) 196 (58) 79 (59) 117 (57) 0.866 105 (58) 53 (58) 52 (57) 0.967 Diabetes, n (%) 53 (16) 20 (15) 33 (16) 0.903 29 (16) 14 (15) 15 (16) 0.923 Active smoking, n (%) 84 (25) 31 (24) 53 (26) 0.776 46 (25) 25 (27) 21 (23) 0.707 History of CABG, n (%) 17 (5.0) 7 (5.3) 10 (4.9) 0.874 9 (4.9) 4 (4.4) 5 (5.5) 1.000 History of PCI, n (%) 49 (14.5) 21 (15.7) 28 (13.7) 0.606 28 (15) 10 (11) 18 (20) 0.100 History of heart failure, n (%) 15 (3.2) 4 (2.9) 11 (3.4) 0.765 6 (3.3) 2 (2.2) 4 (4.4) 0.172 Laboratory Creatinine mg/dl 0.94 ±. 26 0.91 ± 0.26 0.96 ± 0.30 0.120 0.94 ± 0.27 0.92 ± 0.25 0.96 ± 0.30 0.297 eGFR ml/h/1.73 m2 87 ± 24 90 ± 23 85 ± 24 0.101 87 ± 25 88 ± 23 85 ± 26 0.428 eGFR< 60 ml/h/1.73 m2, n (%) 51 (15) 18 (13) 33 (16) 0.502 30 (17) 15 (17) 15 (17) 1.000 eGFR< 30 ml/h/1.73 m2, n (%) 2 (0.6) 0 (0.7) 2 (1.0) 0.521 1 (0.5) 0 (0.7) 1 (1.1) 1.000 WBC 103/dl 9.2 ± 3.2 8.6 ± 3.0 9.6 ± 3.2 .003 9.1 ± 3.0 9.0 ± 3.3 9.1 ± 2.6 0.770 Haemoglobin, g/l 13.7 ± 1.7 13.9 ±1.8 13.6 ± 1.65 0.170 13.7 ± 1.8 13.8 ± 1.8 13.6 ± 1.7 0.416 Anaemia. n (%) 74 (22) 29 (22) 45 (23) 0.872 41 (23) 20 (22) 21 (23) 0.859 Platelets, 103/dl 234 ± 69 231± 65 236 ± 71 0.487 235 ± 75 234 ± 66 236 ± 83 0.882 Total cholesterol, mg/dl mmol/l 201 ± 50 5.21 ± 1.30 204 ± 49 5.28 ± 1.27 199 ± 51 5.15 ± 1.32 0.353 198 ± 52 5.13 ± 1.35 199 ± 50 5.15 ± 1.30 197 ± 54 5.10 ± 1.40 0.775 LDL-C, mg/dl mmol/l 129 ± 47 3.34 ± 1.22 130 ± 52 3.37 ± 1.35 128 ± 44 3.32 ± 1.14 0.601 127 ± 53 3.29 ± 1.37 129 ± 59 3.34 ± 1.53 127 ± 47 3.29 ± 1.22 0.792 HDL-C, mg/dl mmol/l 42 ± 19 1.09 ± 0.49 44 ± 22 1.14 ± 0.57 41 ± 17 1.06 ± 0.44 0.168 43 ± 20 1.11 ± 0.52 45 ± 25 1.17 ± 0.65 41 ± 15 1.06 ± 0.39 0.166 TG, mg/dl mmol/l 138 (103–187) 1.56 (1.16–2.11) 143 (103–190) 1.62 (1.16–2.15) 135 (102–186) 1.53 (1.15–2.10) 0.594 136 (101–187) 1.54 (1.14–2.11) 132 (101–187) 1.49 (1.14–2.11) 139 (98–187) 1.57 (1.11–2.11) 0.592 Medications Antiplatelets, n (%) 336 (99) 132 (99) 204 (100) 0.334 180 (99) 90 (99) 90 (99) 1.000 Beta-blockers, n (%) 228 (68) 86 (65) 142 (70) 0.393 130 (72) 64 (71) 66 (73) 0.739 RAS blockers, n (%) 156 (47) 51 (39) 105 (52) 0.025 87 (49) 41 (46) 46 (51) 0.551 CCB, n (%) 14 (4.2) 1 (0.8) 13 (6.4) 0.012 4 (2.2) 1 (1.1) 3 (3.3) 0.621 Diuretics, n (%) 32 (9.6) 12 (9.2) 20 (9.9) 0.834 16 (8.9) 8 (8.9) 8 (9.0) 0.981 Statins, n (%) 220 (66) 80 (61) 140 (69) 0.155 122 (68) 61 (69) 61 (68) 0.913 Clinical presentation Elective PCI, n (%) 110 (32) 62 (46) 48 (23) 0.001 54 (30) 27 (30) 27 (30) 1.000 NSTEMI, n (%) 137 (40) 58 (43) 79 (39) 0.384 100 (55) 50 (55) 50 (55) 1.000 STEMI, n (%) 92 (27) 14 (10) 78 (38) 0.001 28 (15) 14 (15) 14 (15) 1.000 All ACS (%) 229 (68) 72 (54) 157 (77) 0.001 128 (70) 64 (70) 64 (70) 1.000 Procedural findings Primary PCI, n (%) 104 (31) 17 (13) 87 (42) 0.001 39 (21) 17 (19) 22 (24) .366 Ad hoc PCI, n (%) 265 (78) 97 (72) 168 (82) 0.037 139 (76) 71 (78) 68 (75) 0.601 Target vessel LMCA, n (%) 4 (1.2) 1 (0.7) 3 (1.5) 1.000 2 (1.1) 0 (0) 2 (2.2) 0.497 LAD, n (%) 135 (40) 53 (40) 82 (40) 0.934 75 (41) 37 (41) 38 (42) 0.880 CX, n (%) 79 (23) 31 (23) 48 (23) 0.952 46 (25) 19 (21) 27 (30) 0.172 RCA, n (%) 140 (41) 53 (40) 87 (42) 0.598 72 (40) 38 (42) 34 (37) 0.544 SVG, n (%) 3 (0.9) 0 (0) 3 (1.5) 0.281 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Failed procedure, n (%) 5 (1.5) 1 (0.7) 4 (2.0) 0.652 2 (1.1) 0 (0) 2 (2.2) 0.497 Contrast volume, ml 196 ± 92 191 ± 92 200 ± 92 0.398 201 ± 97 199 ± 100 204 ± 94 0.735 Procedure time, min, n (%) 23 (16–32) 23 (15–31) 23 (16–34) 0.391 24 (16–33) 24 (15–30) 24 (17–35) 0.243 AKI, n (%) 35 (10.3) 12 (9.0) 23 (11.2) 0.503 16 (8.8) 9 (9.9) 7 (7.7) 0.601 ACS: acute coronary syndrome, AKI: acute kidney injury, CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting, CCB: calcium channel blockers, CX: circumflex artery, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LAD: left anterior descending artery, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, LMCA: left main coronary artery, NSTEMI: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention, RCA: right coronary artery, STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, SVG: saphenous vein graft, TG: triglycerides, WBC: white blood cells.
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