CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 35, No 3, September – October 2024 170 AFRICA The European Society of Vascular Surgery guidelines reported that studies have shown a closure rate of 98% in saphenous vein diameters up to 20 mm.30 However, there are studies reporting that a saphenous vein diameter over 8 mm increased the recanalisation rate and that the increased diameter was associated with a longer stump remnant.30 In our study, the esmarch bandage used during the closure of the saphenous veins with NBCA, stopping the blood flow and reducing the venous structure with compression, was associated with agent exposure and decreased phlebitis, recanalisation and ecchymosis rates. Limitations The main limitation of the study is that it was conducted on a limited number of patients based at a single centre. Larger cohort studies are needed. Another important limitation is that the study lacked groups using other techniques, such as EVLA and RFA. With further studies including these groups, the hypothesis needs to be investigated that wrapping with esmarch may be effective by blocking blood flow in the vessel to be treated, and reducing the diameter of the vessel. Conclusion Wrapping the vessel extremity with an esmarch bandage during NBCA ablation of the saphenous veins seemed to both increase the success rate of the procedure and reduce adverse events, such as postoperative ecchymosis and thrombophlebitis. This method could be more successful than other endovenous closure techniques. However, comprehensive data are needed to obtain more detailed and precise data. References 1. Khilnani NM, Grassi CJ, Kundu S, D’Agostino HR, Khan AA, McGraw JK, et al. Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, American College of Phlebology, and Society of Interventional Radiology Standards of Practice Committees. 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