CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 35, No 3, September – October 2024 192 AFRICA Conclusion LVFWR is a severe and deadly mechanical complication of myocardial infarction. It should be suspected in any patient with cardiac tamponade symptoms following myocardial infarction. Patients should immediately be taken into cardiac surgery and the ruptured area should be repaired. Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention can lead to successful treatment for LVFWR. References 1. Figueras J, Cortadellas J, Solar JR. Left ventricular free wall rupture: clinical presentation and management. Heart 2000; 83: 499–504. 2. Gong F, Vaitenas I, Malaisrie S, Maganti K. Mechanical complications of acute myocardial ınfarction: a review. J Am Med Assoc Cardiol 2021; 6(3): 341–349. 3. Yoneyama K, Ishibashi Y, Koeda Y, Itoh T, Morino Y, Shimohama T, et al. Association between acute myocardial infarction-to-cardiac rupture time and in-hospital mortality risk: a retrospective analysis of multicenter registry data from the Cardiovascular Research Consortium-8 Universities (CIRC-8U). Heart Vessels 2021; 36(6): 782–789. 4. Formica F, Mariani S, Singh G, D’Alessandro S, Messina LA, Jones N, et al. Postinfarction left ventricular free wall rupture: a 17-year singlecentre experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2018; 53(1): 150–156. 5. Matteucci M, Fina D, Jiritano F, Meani P, Blankesteijn WM, Raffa GM, et al. Treatment strategies for post-infarction left ventricular freewall rupture. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2019; 8(4): 379–387. 6. Køber L, Møller JE, Torp-Pedersen C. Moderate pericardial effusion early after myocardial infarction: left ventricular free wall rupture until proven otherwise. Circulation 2010; 122: 1898–1899. 7. Trindade MLZH, Tsutsui JM, Rodrigues ACT, Caldas MA, Ramires JAF, Junior WM. Left ventricular free wall impeding rupture in postmyocardial infarction period diagnosed by myocardial contrast echocardiography: Case report. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2006; 4: 7. 8. Okabe T, Julien HM, Kaliyadan AG, Siu H, Marhefka GD. prompt recognition of left ventricular free-wall rupture aided by the use of contrast echocardiography. Tex Heart Inst J 2015; 42(5): 474–478. 9. Zoni A, Arisi A, Corradi D, Ardissino D. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging of impending left ventricular rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2003; 108(4): 498–499. 10. Damluji AA, Van Diepen S, Katz JN, Menon V, Tamis-Holland JE, Makitas M, et al. Mechanical complications of acute myocardial ınfarction a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 144(2): e16–e35. 11. Roberts JD, Mong KW, Sussex B. Successful management of left ventricular free wall rupture. Can J Cardiol 2007; 23(8): 672–674. 12. Padró JM, Mesa JM, Silvestre J, Larrea JL, Caralps JM, Aris FC. Subacute cardiac rupture: repair with a sutureless technique. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 55(1): 20–23. 13. Misawa Y. Off-pump sutureless repair for ischemic left ventricular free wall rupture: a systematic review. J Cardiothorac Surg 2017; 12: 36. 14. Bergman R, Jainandunsing JS, Woltersom BD, Den Hamer IJ, Natour E. Sutureless management of left ventricle wall rupture; a series of three cases. J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 9: 136. 15. Terashima M, Fujiwara S, Yaginuma GY, Takizawa K, Kaneko U, Meguro T. Outcome of percutaneous intrapericardial fibrin-glue injection therapy for left ventricular free wall rupture secondary to acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101: 419–421. 16. Lee JK, Tsui KL, Chan KK, Li SK. Intra-pericardial thrombin injection for post-infarction left ventricular free wall rupture. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2012; 1: 337–340. … continued from page 176 proportion for overall use rose to 28% from 13%. A 2023 federal survey documented marijuana use in the past year among 8% of eighth graders, 18% of 10th graders and 29% of 12th graders. The new study was funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, which is part of the National Institutes of Health. The surveys that were analysed came from 434 104 respondents, who were 18 to 74 years old: 60% were white, 12% were black and 19% were Hispanic. Dr David Goff, director of a cardiovascular division at the institute that financed the research, cautioned that comparing the theoretical harms of smoking tobacco versus marijuana was challenging because of differing consumption patterns. People tend to consume more cigarettes a day, but marijuana users tend to inhale marijuana more deeply and hold it for longer. ‘What we can say is it’s a bad idea to put smoke in your lungs,’ he said. Even relatively casual weed use had an association with heart disease in the new study. Weekly use was tied to a 3% greater risk of heart attack and a 5% greater chance of stroke. Robert Page, a pharmacist at the University of Colorado School of Medicine who was not involved with the new study, said that patients and their healthcare providers should have open conversations about cannabis use. But he added that even doctors were often unaware of the risks. ‘People don’t know the data,’ he said. “They think because it’s natural, it’s safe.’ Source: MedicalBrief 2024
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