CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Vol 24, No 7, August 2013
278
AFRICA
Fig. 6. A: Forest plots of sample size subgroups. B: Forest plots of ethnicity subgroups. C: RCT or non-RCT subgroups.
A
SES
BMS
Weight (%)
Odds ratio
Odds ratio
Study or subgroup
Events
Total
Events
Total
M–H, random, (95% CI)
M–H, random, (95% CI)
6.2.2 Both groups’sample size > 90
SES
BMS
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
Aoki J,
et al.
27
112
37
118
18.5
0.71 (0.39–1.24)
Baumgart D,
et al.
15
94
38
96
17.2
0.29 (0.15–0.58)
Daemen J,
et al.
44
206
54
252
20.1
1.00 (0.64–1.56)
Subtotal (95% CI)
412
466
55.8
0.61 (0.31–1.20)
Total events
86
129
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 0.28, Chi
2
= 8.70, df = 2 (
p
= 0.01);
I
2
= 77%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 1.42 (
p
= 0.15)
6.2.3 Both groups’sample size
≤
90
Chan C,
et al.
8
54
12
29
12.8
0.25 (0.09–0.71)
Jimenez-Quevedo P,
et al.
8
80
31
80
15.0
0.18 (0.07–0.41)
Maresta A,
et al.
15
68
28
70
16.4
0.42 (0.20–0.90)
Subtotal (95% CI)
202
179
44.2
0.28 (0.16–0.48)
Total events
31
71
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 0.04, Chi
2
= 2.39, df = 2 (
p
= 0.30);
I
2
= 16%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 4.60 (
p
< 0.00001)
Total (95% CI)
614
645
100.0
0.42 (0.24–0.74)
Total events
117
200
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 0.36, Chi
2
= 20.14, df = 5 (
p
= 0.001);
I
2
= 75%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 3.00 (
p
= 0.003)
Test for subgroup differences: Chi
2
= 3.12, df = 1 (
p
= 0.08);
I
2
= 68.0%
B
SES
BMS
Weight (%)
Odds ratio
Odds ratio
Study or subgroup
Events
Total
Events
Total
M–H, random, (95% CI)
M–H, random, (95% CI)
1.1.1 European Subgroup
SES
BMS
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
Aoki J,
et al.
27
112
37
118
18.5
0.70 (0.39–1.24)
Baumgart D,
et al.
15
94
38
96
17.2
0.29 (0.15–0.58)
Maresta A,
et al.
15
68
28
70
16.4
0.42 (0.20–0.90)
Subtotal (95% CI)
274
284
52.1
0.45 (0.27–0.77)
Total events
57
103
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 0.10, Chi
2
= 3.71, df = 2 (
p
= 0.16);
I
2
= 46%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 2.95 (
p
= 0.003)
1.1.2 American and Asian
Chan C,
et al.
8
54
12
29
12.8
0.25 (0.09–0.71)
Daemen J,
et al.
44
206
54
252
20.1
1.00 (0.64–1.56)
Jimenez-Quevedo P,
et al.
8
80
31
80
15.0
0.18 (0.07–0.41)
Subtotal (95% CI)
340
361
47.9
0.37 (0.11–1.27)
Total events
60
97
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 1.02, Chi
2
= 15.55, df = 2 (
p
= 0.0004);
I
2
= 87%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 1.58 (
p
= 0.11)
Total (95% CI)
614
645
100.0
0.42 (0.24–0.74)
Total events
117
200
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 0.36, Chi
2
= 20.14, df = 5 (
p
= 0.001);
I
2
= 75%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 3.00 (
p
= 0.003)
Test for subgroup differences: Chi
2
= 0.09, df = 1 (
p
= 0.77);
I
2
= 0%
C
SES
BMS
Weight (%)
Odds ratio
Odds ratio
Study or subgroup
Events
Total
Events
Total
M–H, random, (95% CI)
M–H, random, (95% CI)
5.1.1 RCT
SES
BMS
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
Baumgart D,
et al.
15
94
38
96
17.2
0.29 (0.15–0.58)
Chan C,
et al.
8
54
12
29
12.8
0.25 (0.09–0.71)
Jimenez-Quevedo P,
et al.
8
80
31
80
15.0
0.18 (0.07–0.41)
Maresta A,
et al.
15
68
28
70
16.4
0.42 (0.20–0.90)
Subtotal (95% CI)
296
275
61.4
0.28 (0.19–0.42)
Total events
46
109
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 0.00, Chi
2
= 2.40, df = 3 (
p
= 0.49);
I
2
= 0%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 6.14 (
p
= 0.00001)
5.1.2 Non-RCT
Aoki J,
et al.
27
112
37
118
18.5
0.70 (0.39–1.24)
Daemen J,
et al.
44
206
54
252
20.1
1.00 (0.64–1.56)
Subtotal (95% CI)
318
370
38.6
0.87 (0.61–1.24)
Total events
71
91
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 0.00, Chi
2
= 0.92, df = 1 (
p
= 0.34);
I
2
= 0%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 0.76 (
p
= 0.45)
Total (95% CI)
614
645
100.0
0.42 (0.24–0.74)
Total events
117
200
Heterogeneity: Tau
2
= 0.36, Chi
2
= 20.14, df = 5 (
p
= 0.001);
I
2
= 75%
Test for overall effect:
Z
= 3.00 (
p
= 0.003)
Test for subgroup differences: Chi
2
= 16.81, df = 1 (
p
< 0.0010);
I
2
= 94.1%
