CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 32, No 1, January/February 2021
AFRICA
45
Burden of Disease Study.
Int Health
2020: 1–9.
8.
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Country Profiles.
Ethiopia.
[Online] 2020.
http://www.healthdata.org/ethiopia.9.
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. GHDx. Global Health Data
Exchange.
[Online] 2017.
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool.10. World Health Organization. CVD World Monitor
.
[Online] 2012. http://
cvdworldmonitor.org/targets/premature-mortality-due-to-cvd/.11. Yadeta D, Hailu A, Haileamlak A,
et al
. Prevalence of rheumatic heart
disease among school children in Ethiopia: A multisite echocardiogra-
phy-based screening.
Int J Cardiol
2016;
221
: 260–263.
12. Gemechu T, Mahmoud H, Parry EH,
et al
. Community-based preva-
lence study of rheumatic heart disease in rural Ethiopia.
Eur J Prev
Cardiol
2017;
24
(7): 717–723.
13. Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Ethiopia STEPS Survey 2015, Fact
Sheet. [Online] 2015.
http://www.ephi.gov.et/.14. Rudatsikira E, Abdo A, Muula AS. Prevalence and determinants of
adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMC Public
Health
2007;
7
: 176.
15. World Health Organization. Global Report on Mortality Attributable
to Tobacco
.
Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2012.
16. Gebreyes YF, Goshu DY, Geletew TK,
et al.
Prevalence of high blood
pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and their
determinants in Ethiopia: Evidences from the National NCDs STEPS
Survey, 2015.
PLoS ONE
2018;
13
(5): e0194819.
17. The Federal Ministry of Health. Ethiopia STEPS Report on risk factors
for chronic non-communicable diseases and prevalence of selected
NCDs.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Public Health Institute,
December 2016.
18. International Diabetes Federation (IDF).
IDF Diabetes Atlas.
9th edn.
[Online] 2019.
http://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/resources/.html.19. World Health Organization. The World Health Organization
(WHO) framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC). [Online]
2016.
https://untobaccocontrol.org/impldb/wp-content/uploads/Ethiopia_2016_report.pdf.
20. Zühlke L, Engel ME, Karthikeyan G,
et al.
Characteristics, complica-
tions, and gaps in evidence-based interventions in rheumatic heart
disease: The Global Rheumatic Heart Disease Registry (the REMEDY
study).
Eur Heart J
2015;
36
: 1115–1122.
21. Valluri S, Gaziano TA. Progress in national and regional guidelines
development and deployment for the clinical prevention and control of
CVD and diabetes in Africa.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis
2013;
56
(3): 336–343.
22. The Federal Ministry of Health. Guidelines on Clinical and
Programmatic Management of Major Non Communicable Diseases.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Ministry of Health, 2016.
23. Ministry of Health Ethiopia. Essential Health Services Package of
Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: MoH, November 2019.
24. Shiferaw F, Letebo M, Misganaw A,
et al
. Non-communicable diseases
in Ethiopia: Disease burden, gaps in health care delivery and strategic
directions.
Ethiop J Health Dev
2018;
32
(3): 1–12.
25. The Federal Ministry of Health. Ethiopia Service Availability and
Readiness Assessment (SARA) 2018 Final Report.
Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia: Ethiopian Public Health Institute, May, 2018.
26. Food, Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control authority
of Ethiopia.
National Essential Medicine List.
5th edn. Addis Ababa:
EFMHACA, January, 2015.
27. Ministry of Health.
National Training on Rheumatic Heart Disease
Prevention & Control for Health Care Workers in Ethiopia: Participant’s
Manual.
Addis Ababa: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,
September 2017.
28. Ali EE. Health care financing in Ethiopia: Implications on access to
essential medicines.
Value Health Reg Issues
2014;
4
: 37–40.
29. Bonsa F, Gudina EK, Hajito KW. Prevalence of hypertension and asso-
ciated factors in Bedele Town, southwest Ethiopia.
Ethiop J Health Sci
2014;
24
(1): 21–26.
30. Yadeta D, Semeredin N, Mekonnen GE. Prevalence and predictors of
atrial fibrillation and its embolic complications in patients with rheu-
matic heart disease at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia.
Ethiop J Health Dev
2019;
33
(1): 12–16.
31. Endewunet E, Tadesse A, Adane A,
et al.
Appropriate use of anti-
thrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation at single center
experience, Northwest Ethiopia.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord
2020;
20
: 375.
32. Tegene E, Tadesse I, Markos Y,
et al
. Prevalence and risk factors for
atrial fibrillation and its anticoagulant requirement in adults aged ≥ 40 in
Jimma Town, southwest Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional
study.
IJC Heart Vasc
2019;
22
: 199–204.
33. The Federal Ministry of Health.
Health Sector Development Program
IV
(ggggggggggggggggHSDP IV) 2010/11–2014/15
.
Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia: Federal Democratic of Ethiopia, Minister of Health, 2010.
34. The Federal Ministry of Health.
National strategic action plan (NSAP)
for prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in Ethiopia
2014–2016.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia Ministry of Health, 2014.
35. Ethiopia Ministry of Health.
Health Sector Transformation Plan
(HSTP) 2015/16–2019/20.
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health, October 2015.
36. Ministry of Health.
Health Sector Transformation Plan II 2020/21–
2024/25
(Draft).
Addis Ababa: Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia, 2020.
37. USAID. Health Care Financing Reform in Ethiopia: Improving Quality
and Equity.
Health Systems 20/20.
[Online] March 2012. https://www.
hfgproject.org/health-care-financing-reform-ethiopia-improving-quali-ty-equity/.
38. World Health Organization. Health Topics. WHO, Regional Office for
Africa.
[Online] [Cited: 5 April 2019.]
https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/health-topics-ethiopia.
39. Hutubessy R, Chisholm D, Tan-Torres Edejer T and WHO-CHOICE.
Generalized cost-effectiveness analysis for national-level priority-setting
in the health sector.
Cost Eff Resour Alloc
2003;
1
: 8.
40. Tolla MT, Norheim OF, Memirie ST,
et al
. Prevention and treatment
of cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: a costeffectiveness analysis.
Cost Eff Resour Alloc
2016;
14
(10): 1–14.
41. 41. World Health Organization. FCTC Implementation Database.
Ethiopia: parliament passing one of the strongest tobacco control
legislations in Africa. [Online] 2019.
https://untobaccocontrol.org/impldb/ethiopia-parliament-passing-one-of-the-strongest-tobacco-
control-legislations-in-africa/.
42. Marquez PV. Ethiopia’s new tobacco control law: a step forward
that needs to be complemented by higher taxes!
Investing in Health.
[Online] February 15, 2019.
https://blogs.worldbank.org/health/ethi-opia-s-new-tobacco-control-law-step-forward-needs-be-complement-
ed-higher-taxes.
43. Tarantino L, Laird K, Ottosson A,
et al
. Institutional roles and rela-
tionships governing the quality of health care: country experiences,
challenges, and lessons learned.
Bethesda, MD: Health Finance &
Governance Project, Abt Associates and USAID Applying Science
to Strengthen and Improve Systems Project, URC, 2016.
44. Lim SS, Gaziano TA, Gakidou E,
et al
. Prevention of cardiovascular
disease in high-risk individuals in low-income and middle-income
countries: health effects and costs.
Lancet
2007;
370
: 2054–2062.