Cardiovascular Journal of Africa: Vol 23 No 2 (March 2012) - page 52

CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Vol 23, No 2, March 2012 106 AFRICA
multifactorial community intervention programme went on for
four years, and a post-study evaluation was conducted 12 years
after baseline evaluation. Risk factors were measured at baseline
and their trajectories monitored during follow up, together with
trend in the incidence of hard cardiovascular outcomes. Several
reports, including baseline and four-year reports, and eight years
post-intervention reports have been published. 70-85
The Idikan Adult Mortality Study was a prospective commu-
nity-based study which aimed to provide all-cause and cause-
specific mortality data for adult Nigerians.19,56 The two- and
five-year follow-up reports were published. Some predictors of
mortality, including cardiovascular risk factors (smoking) have
been characterised.19 The commonest known cause of death in
the five-year report was cardiovascular disease. It was responsi-
ble for 43 (18.5%) of all deaths. Another small-scale community
study in South Africa monitored a cohort of 200 adults over a
TABLE 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF INCLUDED STUDIES
Country, year of incep-
tion and reference
Population
size Main focus Baseline evaluation Settings
Duration of
follow up CVD outcomes
Ethiopia 198346 150 Post-stroke Status for stroke Hospital 2 years Mortality
Ethiopia 198834,35,47 1699 Diabetes mellitus Status for diabetes Hospital Mortality
Gambia 1990 44 106 Post stroke Status for stroke Hospital 4 years Mortality
Ghana 197348 155 Hypertension BP Hospital 1 year Compliance to treatment
Kenya 198341,49-51 592 BP BP, BMI electrolytes Community 2 years Change in BP
Nigeria 40 300 BP in pregnancy Blood pressure Hospital 9 months Change in BP
Nigeria 26 92 Rheumatic heart disease Cardiac status Hospital 10 years Death complications
Nigeria 52 107 Heart failure Cardiac status, risk factors Hospital 1 year Mortality
Nigeria 1969–197223,28,53-55 227 Peripartum cardiac failure Status for heart failure Hospital 25 years Mortality, change in BP
Nigeria 199319,56,57 4333 Adult mortality Risk factors Community 5 years All-cause mortality
Nigeria 199358 708 Post-stroke Status at diagnosis Hospital 6 months Mortality
Nigeria 199536,59,60 1344 BP and relative weight BP and weight Community 7 years Change in risk factors, deaths
Senegal 33 886 Hypertension in pregnancy Hypertension Hospital 9 months Pregnancy outcome
Senegal 200361,62 170 Post-stroke Status at diagnosis Hospital 1 year Outcomes
South Africa, Nigeria,
Cameroon 20046,37
185 Pericardial tuberculosis Cardiac status, status for
chest and HIV infection
Hospital 6–12
months
Outcomes under treatment
South Africa 1972 30 49 Familial hypercholesterolaemia Familial hypercholesterol-
aemia
Hospital 13 years Cardiovascular complications
South Africa 1970 43,63-67 4925 Health of gold miners Risk factors Workplace
(gold mines)
20 years Mortality
South Africa 2006 68 CVD and risk factors Heart conditions and risk
factors
Community/
hospital
Ongoing Incidence and outcome
South Africa24 210 Post-stroke Functional status Hospital 2 years Mortality and disability
South Africa 1986 25 711 Cardiac rehabilitation N/A Hospital 1.5 years Dropout rate
South Africa 1966 69 62 Diabetes mellitus Risk factors/kidney functions Hospital 12 years Renal outcomes
South Africa 1965 31 266 Glucose tolerance Glucose tolerance status Community 5 years Incidence of diabetes
South Africa 1972 22 168 Rheumatic heart disease Cardiac sounds School based 4 years Evolution of the cardiac
murmurs
South Africa 1979 70-85 6332 Cardiovascular diseases Risk factors Community 4 years Change in risk factors
South Africa 1982 29,86 88 Type 1 diabetes Diabetes status Hospital 20 years Mortality and complications
South Africa 1984 39,45,87 2479 Glucose tolerance Glucose tolerance status Community 10 years Incidence of diabetes
South Africa 1989 88-90 3273 Epidemiological transitions Risk factors Community/
Hospital
Ongoing Change in risk factors
South Africa 1992 91,92 3147 Hypertension BP Hospital 1 year Death, control, compliance
South Africa 1996 93-98 1884 Children, growth and health Anthropometric and BP Community/
Schools
Ongoing Change in BP and anthropo-
metric measurements
South Africa 1999 21 200 Causes of deaths Risk factors Community 2 years Mortality
South Africa 1997–200032 92 Infective endocarditis Cardiac status, status for
infection
Hospital 6 months Mortality
Sudan 1977–198699 101 Type 1 diabetes Status at diagnosis Hospital 10 years Hospitalisation mortality
Sudan 1987–199027100 327 Type 1 diabetes Incidence study Hospital/
Community
4–10 years Incidence
Tanzania 1981–8738,101-104 1250 Newly diagnosed diabetes Risk factors Hospital 7 years Mortality complications,
trajectories
Tanzania 1986 42 239 Glucose tolerance Glycaemia, BP, BMI, lipids Community 1 year Change in risk factors,
diabetes incidence
Zimbabwe105 528 BP Psychological predictors Workplace
(university)
4 years Hypertension
Zimbabwe 1971 20 107 Diabetes mellitus Status for diabetes Hospital 6 years Case fatality
Zimbabwe 1986 106 75 Rheumatic fever Heart status Hospital 1–12 years Cardiac complications
BP = blood pressure, BMI = body mass index.