73 / 76
CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 29, No 4, July/August 2018
AFRICA
e7
27. Luis SA, Pellikka PA, Schaff HV, Connolly HM. Fate of the native
pulmonary valve in patients with carcinoid heart disease after tricuspid
valve replacement.
Circulation
2016; 134: A20034.
28. Menzies DG, Campbell IW, Starkey IR. Infective endocarditis compli-
cating tricuspid-valve disease in the carcinoid-syndrome.
Br Med J
1988;
296
: 682–682.
29. Defraigne JO, Jerusalem O, Soyeur D, Jacquet N, Limet R. Successful
tricuspid valve replacement and pulmonary valvulotomy for carcinoid
heart disease.
Acta Chir Belg
1996;
96
: 170–176.
30. Khan JN, Doshi SN, Rooney SJ, Bhabra MS, Steeds RP. Transcatheter
pulmonary and tricuspid valve-in-valve replacement for bioprosthesis
degeneration in carcinoid heart disease.
Eur Heart J Card Img
2016;
17
: 114–114.
31. Mizuguchi KA, Fox AA, Burch TM, Cohn LH, Fox JA. Tricuspid and
mitral valve carcinoid disease in the setting of a patent foramen ovale.
Anesth Analg
2008;
107
: 1819–1821.
32. Narine KK, Dohmen PM, Daenen W. Tricuspid and pulmonary valve
involvement in carcinoid disease.
Tex Heart I J
2000;
27
: 405–407.
33. Ederhy S, Engel F, Cohen A. Tricuspid and pulmonary valve involve-
ment in carcinoid heart disease.
Arch Cardiovasc Dis
2009;
102
: 591–592.
34. Konstantinov IE, Peterffy A. Tricuspid and pulmonary valve replace-
ment in carcinoid heart disease: Two case reports and a review of the
literature.
J Heart Valve Dis
1997;
6
: 193–197.
35. Abi-Saleh B, Schoondyke JW, Abboud L, Downs CJ, Haddadin
TZ, Iskandar SB. Tricuspid valve involvement in carcinoid disease.
Echocardiogr J Card
2007;
24
: 439–442.
36. Jaussaud N, Gariboldi V, Thuny F, Camerlo A, Grisoli D, Collart F,
et
al
. Tricuspid valve replacement for carcinoid heart disease to allow liver
transplantation.
J Heart Valve Dis
2009;
18
: 728–729.
37. Kantarovsky A, Deviri E, Hauptman E, Caspi A, Vidne B. Tricuspid-
valve replacement and pulmonary valvotomy for carcinoid heart disease
– report of a case.
Israel J Med Sci
1992;
28
: 888–890.
38. Bhattacharyya S, Burke M, Caplin ME, Davar J. Utility of 3D transoe-
sophageal echocardiography for the assessment of tricuspid and pulmo-
nary valves in carcinoid heart disease.
Eur J Echocardiogr
2011;
12
: E4.
39. Mbakop TN, Weyers P, van de Steen E, Georis JN, Denis B, Bettendorf
P. Ventricular assistance after tricuspid valve replacement for carcinoid
heart disease.
Ann Cardiol Angiol
2009;
58
: 248–250.
40. Raikhelkar JK, Weiss AJ, Maysick L, Scurlock C. Adjuvant therapy
with methylene blue in the treatment of postoperative vasoplegic
syndrome caused by carcinoid crisis after tricuspid valve replacement.
J
Cardiothor Vasc An
2012;
26
: 878–879.
41. Batchelor AM, Conacher I. Anaphylactoid or carcinoid crisis.
Br J
Anaesth
1993;
71
: 610–610.
42. Chen L, Zhang Y, Chen M, Chen J. The application of octreotide in a
SINET patient with carcinoid syndrome, carcinoid heart disease and
carcinoid crisis: A case report.
Neuroendocrinology
2016;
103
: 107–107.
43. Marsh HM, Martin JK, Kvols LK, Gracey DR, Warner MA, Warner
ME, Moertel CG. Carcinoid crisis during anesthesia – successful treat-
ment with a somatostatin analog.
Anesthesiology
1987;
66
: 89–91.
44. Janssen M, Salm EF, Breburda CS, van Woerkens LJPM, de Herder
WW, vander Zwaan C, Roelandt JRTC. Carcinoid crisis during
transesophageal echocardiography.
Intens Care Med
2000;
26
: 254–254.
45. Davi MV, Bodei L, Francia G, Bartolomei M, Oliani C, Scilanga L,
et al
. Carcinoid crisis induced by receptor radionuclide therapy with
90Y-DOTATOC in a case of liver metastases from bronchial neuroendo-
crine tumor (atypical carcinoid).
J Endocrinol Invest
2006;
29
: 563–567.
46. Erdem R, Slabbynck H, van den Branden F. Carcinoid crisis with fatal
coronary spasm in a small localized peripheral bronchial carcinoid.
Acta
Cardiol
2010;
65
: 471–475.
47. Papadogias D, Makras P, Kossivakis K, Kontogeorgos G, Piaditis G,
Kaltsas G. Carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid crisis secondary to a
metastatic carcinoid tumour of the lung: a therapeutic challenge.
Eur J
Gastroen Hepat
2007;
19
: 1154–1159.
48. Sinha V, Dyer P, Roy-Choudhury S, Geh JI, Karandikar S. Case of
carcinoid crisis following a fine-needle biopsy of hepatic metastasis.
Eur
J Gastroen Hepat
2009;
21
: 101–103.
49. Condron ME, Pommier SJ and Pommier RF. Continuous infusion
of octreotide combined with perioperative octreotide bolus does not
prevent intraoperative carcinoid crisis.
Surgery
2016;
159
: 358–365.
50. Woltering EA, Wright AE, Stevens MA, Wang YZ, Boudreaux JP,
Mamikunian G,
et al
. Development of effective prophylaxis against
intraoperative carcinoid crisis.
J Clin Anesth
2016;
32
: 189–193.
51. Seymour N, Sawh SC. Mega-dose intravenous octreotide for the treat-
ment of carcinoid crisis: a systematic review.
Can J Anesth
2013;
60
:
492–499.
52. Yazbek-Karam VG, Haswani RW, Mousallem NM, Abou Jaoude E,
Nassar NE, Hirbli KE, Khoury JM, Tarcha WS, Baraka AS and Aouad
MT. Severe intra-operative carcinoid crisis in a patient having carcinoid
heart disease.
Acta Anaesth Scand
2009;
53
: 414–415.
53. Guo L, Tang C. Somatostatin analogues for preventing carcinoid crisis.
Neuroendocrinology
2014;
99
: 271–271.
54. Harris AL, Smith IE. Tryptophan in the treatment of carcinoid crisis.
Cancer Chemoth Pharm
1983;
10
: 137–139.
55. Mahendraraj K, Chamberlain RS. Appendiceal carcinoid tumors in
children: a population-based outcomes study involving 766 patients
from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database
(1973–2010).
Ann Surg Oncol
2014;
21
: S88–S89.
56. Steuer CE, Behera M, Kim S, Chen ZJ, Saba NF, Pillai RN, Owonikoko
TK,
et al
. Atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung: A Surveillance,
Epidemiology, and End Results Database Analysis.
J Thorac Oncol
2015;
10
: 479–485.
57. Nykjaer KM, Gronbaek H, Nielsen DT, Christiansen P, Astrup LB.
Description of patients with midgut carcinoid tumours: Clinical data-
base from a Danish centre.
In Vivo
2007;
21
: 679–684.
58. Ngamruengphong S, Kamal A, Hajiyeva G, Chen YI, Bukhari M,
Ismail A,
et al
. Prevalence of lymph node/distant metastasis and
long term survival of 788 patients with t1 rectal carcinoid tumors:
An Analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)
Database.
Gastroenterology
2016;
150
: S208–S208.
59. Pusceddu S, Buzzoni R, Mazzaferro V, Pacifici M, Procopio G, Damato
A,
et al
. Primary tumour resection impact on survival in patient with
carcinoid syndrome (CS). Analysis of 139 patients (pts) with well differ-
entiated neuroendocrine tumors (WDNETs) from database of Istituto
Nazionale Tumori Milano.
Eur J Cancer
2013;
49
: S583–S583.