CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Vol 23, No 7, August 2012
378
AFRICA
disease, and coronary risk factor prevalence in a rural population of
India.
Brit Med J
1994;
309
: 1332–1335.
7.
Iribarren C, Luepker RV, McGovern PG, Arnett DK, Blackburn H.
Twelve- year Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk factors in the
Minnesota Heart survey.
Arch Int Med
1997;
157
: 873–880.
8.
Nishi N, Makino K, Fukuda H, Tatara K. Effects of socioeconomic
indicators on coronary risk factors, self-rated health and psychological
well-being among urban Japanese civil servants.
Soc Sci Med
2004;
58
: 1159–1170.
9.
Ishizaki M, Martikainen P, Nakagawa H, Marmot M. The relation-
ship between employment grade and plasma fibrinogen level among
Japanese male employees.
Atherosclerosis
2000;
151
: 415–421.
10. Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Vlismas K, Skoumas Y,
Palliou K,
et al
. Dietary habits mediate the relationship between socio-
economic status and CVD factors among healthy adults: the ATTICA
study.
Public Health Nutr
2008;
11
(12): 1342–1349.
11. Schroder H, Rohlfs I, Schmelz EM, Marrugat J. Relationship of
socioeconomic status with cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle in
Mediterranean population.
Eur J Nutr
2004;
43
: 77–85.
12. Roohafza HR, Sadeghi M, Kelishadi R. Cardiovascular risk factors in
Iranian adults according to educational levels: Ishafan Healthy Heart
Program.
Asia Pac J Public heal
2005;
17
(1): 9–14.
13. Bobak MM, Hertzman C, Skodovak Z, Marmot M. Socioeconomic
status and cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech Republic.
Int J
Epidemiol
1999;
28
: 46–52.
14. Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, Jeemon P, Thankappan KR, Joshi P,
Chaturvedi V,
et al
. Educational status and cardiovascular risk profile
in Indians.
Proc Nat Acad Sci
2007;
104
(41): 16263–16268.
15. Yu Z, Nissinen A, Vartianen E, Song G, Guo Z, Zheng G,
et al
.
Associations between socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk
factors in an urban population in China.
Bullen Wor Heal Org
2000;
78
: 1296–1305.
16. Yarnell J, Mccrum E, Arveiler D, Haas B, Dallongeville J, Montay E
M,
et al
. Education, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and risk of
coronary heart disease: the PRIME study.
Int J Epidemiol
2005;
34
:
268–275.
17. Joint World health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) expert Consultation.
Diet, nutrition and the
prevention of chronic diseases
; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2003.
18. Jennings J, Drillepsie S, Mason J, Ltfi M, scialfa T. Managing success-
ful nutrition programmes – Nutrition policy discussion paper no 8; A
report based on an ACC/SCN workshop at the 14th IUNS Congress,
Seoul: Korea, 1989.
19. MacIntyre UE, Venter CS, Vorster HH, Steyn HS. A combination of
statistical methods for the analysis of the relative validation data of the
quantitative food frequency questionnaire used in the THUSA study.
Public Health Nutr
2000;
4
(1): 45–51.
20. Wolmarans P, Danster N, Dalton A, Rossouw K, Schonfeldt H (eds).
Condensed
Food Composition Tables for South Africa
. South African
Medical Research Council, Parow Valley, Cape Town, 2010.
21. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R.
Anthropometric standardization
Reference Manual.
Eds Human Kinetic Books: Champaign, Illinois.
1988.
22. Popkin BM. An overview on the nutrition transition and its health
implications: The Bellagio meeting.
Public Health Nutr
2002;
5
:
93–103.
23. Vorster HH, Oosthuizen W, Jerling JC, Veldman FJ, Burger HM.
The
Nutritional Status of South Africans
.
A Review of the Literature from
1975
–
1996.
Durban: Health Systems Trust, 1997;
1
: 1–22;
2
: 1–122.
24. Meade TW, Mellows S, Brozovic M, Miler GJ, Chakrabarti RR, North
WR,
et al
. Haemostatic function and ischemic heart disease: principal
results of the Northwick Park Heart Study.
Lancet
1986;
2
: 533–537.
25. Castell JV, Gomez-Iechon MJ, Dabid M, Fabra R, Trullenque R,
Heiarich PC. Acute phase response of human hepatocytes: regulation
of acute phase protein synthesis by interleukin 6.
Hepatology
1990;
12
(5):
1179–1186.
26. James S, Vorster HH, Venter CS, Kruger HS, Nell TA, Veldman FJ,
et al
. Nutritional status influences plasma fibrinogen concentration:
evidence from the THUSA survey.
Thrombosis Res
2000;
98
: 383–394.
27. StatsSouth Africa,
2011.
28. Lemke S, Jansen van Rensburg F, Vorster HH, Ziche J. Interdisciplinary
research on food security in Africa households: exploratory directives.
J Soc Sci
1999;
31
(4): 255–264.
29. Rosamond WD. Dietary fiber and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol
2002;
39
: 57–59.
30. Pisa, PT, Vorster HH, Chizura N. Cardiovascular disease and nutrition:
the use of food based dietary guidelines to prevent CVD in Africa.
S
Afr Heart J
2011;
8
: 38–47.