Cardiovascular Journal of Africa: Vol 31 No 3 (May/June 2020)

CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 31, No 3, May/June 2020

AFRICA

121

a better profile of cardiovascular responses during AE. The DBP

decreases during aquatic cycle ergometer exercise were greater

than in the case of the same exercise intensity on land.

Our data show that PEH for SBP and DBP lasted for 24

hours after AE, which was longer than for LE. Similarly,

Ngomane

showed that heated AE was more effective in

producing PEH for 11–18 hours after a bout of exercise than

LE. The higher PEH after AE was observed in reduced SBP

and DBP during the daytime, but there was no difference found

in any other haemodynamic variable assessed: arterial stiffness,

endothelial reactivity or heart rate variability. Our findings

likewise corroborate the results of Bocalini,

who verified that

water ergometric exercise was effective in promoting a higher

magnitude of PEH in older hypertensive women with more

apparent outcomes in untreated women, than LE.

Concerning the mechanisms associated with PEH, several

have been presented in the literature as playing a major role

in these effects on BP: reduction in sympathetic activity,

attenuation of cardiac adrenergic receptor sensitivity, decreased

catecholamine synthesis with changes in renin and angiotensin

release as a result,

lesser peripheral vascular resistance

and

stroke volume,

and synthesis of vasopressin

and endothelins.

The mechanism whereby AE creates lasting PEH however needs

better elucidation.

Our study used a session of combined aerobic and resistance

exercises for AE, and PEH was longer and started earlier (two

hours after the exercise session) than for LE. This result is in

agreement with Ferrari,

who used concurrent training, aerobic

plus resistance training, to show a reduction in BP in the first

hour after training in hypertensive subjects participating in LE,

but such an effect may not last as long as that of aerobic exercise

alone. Similarly, Cunha

found that moderate-intensity AE

elicited PEH for SBP and DBP for over 21 hours. Pinto

assessed

the effect of concurrent training in water on normotensive

subjects to show a similar effect on PEH from resistance and

aerobic exercise.

Conclusion

Our study shows that elderly hypertensive individuals who

exercised in water had lower SBP and DBP during the day than

those trained in land exercise. In addition, hypotension was

induced more quickly (two hours) by the exercise session after

water-based exercise and lasted longer (24 hours) than that

induced by land-based exercise. These data show that water-

based exercise has a different pressure control than land-based

exercise, such that water-based exercise constitutes a potential

clinical approach for the treatment of hypertension.

This study was supported by the Pro-Rectory of Research and Postgraduate

of the Federal University of Ouro Preto (PROPP-UFOP).

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