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AFRICA
Cardiovascular Journal of Africa • Volume 31, No 4 August 2020
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in 2017.
10
For raised total cholesterol (TC, ≥ 5.0 mmol/l), the
prevalence was 2.9% (Table 1), rising to 5.6% in men and
7.4% in women in the 55–64-year age groups.
8
Physical activity
Physical activity (PA) data from the NCD STEP survey
showed that 61.5% of the 15–64-year-old population had
high levels, 25.2% moderate and 13.3% low levels of PA.
8
No data are available for adolescents, ages 11–14 years old.
The age-standardised estimate from the WHO Global Health
Observatory (GHO) for adults who were insufficiently active
(< 150 minutes of moderate-intensity PA per week, or less
than 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA per week) was
14.6% in 2016 (Table 1).
4
Overweight and obesity
Data from the Rwanda 2012–2013 NCD STEP survey
showed that while 2.8% participants were obese, 14.3% were
overweight and 7.8% underweight. Of these participants,
women were mostly obese (4.7%) and overweight (19%)
compared to men (0.8 and 9.1%, respectively) (Table 1).
8
In 2016, the prevalence of overweight [body mass index
(BMI) 25 kg/m
2
] and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2
) in adults 25
years and older was 25.1 and 5.8%, respectively, according
to WHO GHO age-standardised estimates.
4
Far more women
(33.5%) than men (15.6%) were overweight, with a similar
pattern noticed regarding obese women and men (9.3% vs
1.9%, respectively).
4
Diabetes
The prevalence of raised blood sugar (≥ 6.1 mmol/l) from the
STEP survey was 3.1%,
8
while that of the population defined
with a fasting glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/l or on medication
(age-standardised), was 4.4% according to WHO GHO
estimates.
4
In 2019, the prevalence of age-adjusted diabetes
in adults 20–79 years was 5.1% (Table 1).
11
Table 1: Cardiovascular disease indicators for Rwanda
Indicators
Male
Female
Total
Year
Status of the national CVD epidemic
Premature CVD mortality (30–70 years old) (% deaths)
-
-
10
2012
Total CVD mortality (% of deaths)
9.6
14.5
11.9 (31.8)*
2017
Total RHD mortality (% of deaths)
0.14
0.2
0.17 (.5)*
2017
DALYs attributable to CVD (%)
4.1
5.1
4.6 (14.7)*
2017
AF and atrial flutter (%)
0.13
0.12
0.12 (.5)*
2017
Prevalence of RHD (%)
0.9
1.1
1.0 (.5)*
2017
Tobacco and alcohol
Prevalence of adult tobacco use (≥ 15 years old (%)**
19.1 (36.1)
#
7.1 (6.8)
#
-
2013
Prevalence of youth (13–15-year-olds) tobacco use (%)
13.3
9.5
2018
Estimated direct (healthcare-related) cost of tobacco use in your population
-
-
-
2018
(in current US$)
Proportion of premature CVD mortality attributable to tobacco (%)
-
-
1 (10)
#
2004
Recorded alcohol consumption per capita (≥ 15 years) (in litres of pure alcohol)
7.0
2016–18
(three-year average)
Raised blood pressure and cholesterol
Population with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) (%)**
16.8 (24.1)
#
15.0 (20.1)
#
15.9
2013
Population with raised TC (≥ 5.0 mmol/l) (%)**
2.4
3.3
2.9 (38.9)
#
2013
DALYs attributable to hypertension (%)
2.36
3.3
2.81 (8.7)*
2017
Mortality caused by hypertensive heart disease (% of deaths)
0.81
2.94
1.82 (1.7)*
2017
Physical activity
Adolescents (11–17 years old) who are insufficiently active (< 60 minutes of moderate-
-
-
- (80.7)
#
2010
to vigorous-intensity PA daily) (%)
Adults (age-standardised estimate) who are insufficiently active (< 150 minutes of
11
17.6
14.6 (27.5)*
2016
moderate-intensity PA per week, or < 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA per week) (%)
Overweight and obesity
Adults (15–64 years old) who are overweight (BMI ≥ 25–< 30 kg/m
2
) (%)**
9.1
19.0
14.3 (38.9)*
2013
Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2
) (%)**
0.8
4.7
2.8 (13.1)*
2013
Diabetes
Defined population with fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) or on medication for
4.3 (9)*
4.5 (8)*
4.4
2014
raised blood glucose (age-standardised) (%)
Prevalence of diabetes (20–79 years old) (%)
-
-
5.1 (9.3)
##
2019
CVD, cardiovascular disease; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; AF, atrial fibrillation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP,
diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; PA, physical activity; BMI, body mass index.
*IHME Global data
10
**STEPS data
8
#
WHO Global data
4
##
IDF
Diabetes Atlas
.
11