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AFRICA
Cardiovascular Journal of Africa • Volume 31, No 4 August 2020
S36
Physical activity
In 2016, the percentage of adolescents aged 11–17 years old
who were insufficiently active [< 60 minutes of moderate-
to vigorous-intensity physical activity (PA) daily] was
82.1%.
10
The age-standardised estimate for adults who were
insufficiently active (< 150 minutes of moderate-intensity PA
per week, or < 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PAper week)
was 6.5% in 2016 (Table 1).
9
Overweight and obesity
The prevalence of overweight [body mass index (BMI)
≥ 25–<30 kg/m
2
] and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2
) in adults
25 years and older was 27.7 and 8.4%, respectively in 2016
(Table 1).
9
Compared to neighbouring country Uganda
(19.1, 4.6%), Tanzania’s population is far more overweight
and obese. More women (35.5%) than men (19.6%) were
overweight and similarly, far more women (12.7%) were
found to be obese than the men (4%).
9
Diabetes
In 2014, the percentage of the defined population with a
fasting blood glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/l or on medication for
raised blood glucose (age-standardised) was 6% for men and
6.1% for women.
9
The prevalence of age-adjusted (20–79
years) diabetes in 2019 was 5.7%, which is lower than the
global estimate of 9.3% (Table 1).
11
Part C: Clinical practice and guidelines
Health system capacity
The country had an average of 0.14 physicians and 5.84 nurses
per 10 000 of the population in 2016 and 2017, respectively,
and seven hospital beds per 10 000 people in 2010.
9
Locally-relevant clinical tools along with recent clinical
guidelines for preventing CVD were adapted using the WHO
CVD risk-assessment tool and to some extent atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk estimation and the
Table 1. Cardiovascular disease indicators for Tanzania
Indicators
Male
Female
Total
Year
Status of national the CVD epidemic
Premature CVD mortality (30–70 years old) (% deaths)
-
-
8
2012
Total CVD mortality (% of deaths)
12.5
13.3
12.9 (31.8)*
2017
Total RHD mortality (% of deaths)
0.1
0.2
0.1 (.5)*
2017
DALYs attributable to CVD (%)
5.1
4.6
4.9 (14.7)*
2017
AF and atrial flutter (%)
0.2
0.1
0.1 (.5)*
2017
Prevalence of RHD (%)
0.9
1.1
1.0 (.5)*
2017
Tobacco and alcohol
Prevalence of adult tobacco use (≥ 15 years old (%)
27.5 (36.1)**
3.8 (6.8)**
-
2015
Prevalence of youth (≤ 12–≥ 18 years old) tobacco use (%)
#
8.7
7.7
8.2
2014
Estimated direct (healthcare-related) cost of tobacco use in your population
-
2018
(current US$)
Proportion of premature CVD mortality attributable to tobacco (%)
-
-
3 (10)*
2004
Recorded alcohol consumption per capita (≥ 15 years old) (litres of pure alcohol)
7.3
2016–18
(three-year average)
Raised blood pressure and cholesterol
Population with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) (%)
26.7 (24.1)** 27.7 (20.1)**
-
2018
Population with raised TC (≥ 5.0 mmol/l) (%)
21.6
25.5
23.7 (38.9)**
2008
DALYs attributable to hypertension (%)
3.4
3
3.2 (8.7)*
2017
Mortality caused by hypertensive heart disease (% of deaths)
0.8
2.2
1.4 (1.7)*
2017
Physical activity
Adolescents (11–17 years old) who are insufficiently active (< 60 minutes of moderate-
78.2
86.0
82.1 (80.7)*
2016
to vigorous-intensity PA daily) (%)
Adults (age-standardised estimate) who are insufficiently active (< 150 minutes of
5.8
7.1
6.5 (27.5)*
2016
moderate-intensity PA per week, or < 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA per week) (%)
Overweight and obesity
Adults who are overweight (BMI ≥ 25–< 30 kg/m
2
) (%)
19.6
35.5
27.7 (38.9)**
2016
Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2
) (%)
4.0
12.7
8.4 (13.1)**
2016
Diabetes
Defined population with fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) or on medication for
6.0 (9)**
6.1 (8)**
-
2014
raised blood glucose (age-standardised) (%)
Prevalence of diabetes (20–79 years old) (%)
-
-
5.7 (9.3)
##
2019
CVD, cardiovascular disease; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; AF, Atrial fibrillation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP,
diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; BMI, body mass index.
*IHME global data exchange
5
**WHO global data
9
#
Shayo FK. BMC Public Health
7
##
IDF
Diabetes Atlas
.
11