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Cardiovascular Journal of Africa • Volume 31, No 4 August 2020
S43
AFRICA
Raised blood pressure and cholesterol
In 2015, the percentage of men and women with raised blood
pressure (BP) (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90
mmHg) was 26.7 and 27.7%, respectively.
4
However, STEPS
data revealed men with raised BP had a marginally lower
prevalence of 25.8%, while that of women decreased by
almost 5% to 22.9%.
9
The percentage of DALYs lost because
of hypertension was 2.23%, whereas mortality caused by
hypertensive heart disease was 1.13% in 2017.
6
According
to the Uganda NCD risk-factor baseline survey (STEPS),
4.4% of men and 8.9% of women had raised total cholesterol
(≥ 5.0 mmol/l) in 2014 (Table 1).
9
Physical activity
Data for adolescents 11–17 years old revealed 85.7% was
insufficiently active [< 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-
intensity physical activity (PA) daily] in 2016.
12
For adults,
the age-standardised estimate was 5.5% of those who were
insufficiently active (< 150 minutes of moderate-intensity PA
per week, or < 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PAper week)
in 2016.
4
STEPS data for 18–69-year-old adults revealed
3.7% of men and 4.9% of women were insufficiently active
(Table 1).
9
Overweight and obesity
The prevalence of overweight [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25–
< 30 kg/m
2
] and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2
) in adults 18–69 years
old was 19.1 and 4.6%, respectively.
9
Overweight women
had a higher prevalence (27.1%) than the men (11.3%), with
a similar pattern for obesity, 7.5 versus 1.8% in women and
men, respectively (Table 1).
9
Global health data for adults
18 years and older provided a slightly higher prevalence of
overweight (22.4%) and obesity (5.3%) in 2016.
4
Diabetes
The percentage of the defined population with a fasting
glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/l or on medication for raised blood
glucose levels in 2014 was 1.7% for men and 1.0% for
Table 1. Cardiovascular disease indicators for Uganda
Indicators
Male
Female
Total
Year
Status of the national CVD epidemic
Premature CVD mortality (30–70 years old) (% deaths)
-
-
10
2012
Total CVD mortality (% of deaths)
9.09
10.8
9.85 (31.8)*
2017
Total RHD mortality (% of deaths)**
-
-
17.8 (.5)*
2017
DALYs attributable to CVD (%)
3.75
3.5
3.64 (14.7)*
2017
AF and atrial flutter (%)
0.1
0.09
0.1 (.5)*
2017
Prevalence of RHD (%)**
-
-
2.97 (.5)*
2017
Tobacco and alcohol
Prevalence of adult tobacco use (18–69 years old (%)
#
16.8 (36.1)*
2.9 (6.8)*
9.6
2014
Prevalence of youth (13–15-year-olds) tobacco use (%)
19.3
15.8
-
2011
Estimated direct (healthcare-related) cost of tobacco use in your population
41.56 m
2017
(current US$)
Proportion of premature CVD mortality attributable to tobacco (%)
-
-
2 (10)*
2004
Recorded alcohol consumption per capita (≥ 15 years) (litres of pure alcohol)
12.2
2016–18
(three-year average)
Raised blood pressure and cholesterol
Population with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) (%)
#
25.8 (24.1)*
22.9 (20.1)*
-
2014
Population with raised total cholesterol (≥ 5.0 mmol/l) (%)
#
4.4
8.9
6.7 (38.9)*
2014
DALYs attributable to hypertension (%)
2.2
2.3
2.23 (8.7)*
2017
Mortality caused by hypertensive heart disease (% of deaths)
0.6
1.8
1.13 (1.7)*
2017
Physical activity
Adolescents (11–17 years old) who are insufficiently active (< 60 minutes of moderate-
84.0
87.3
85.7 (80.7)*
2016
to vigorous-intensity PA daily) (%)
Adults (age-standardised estimate) who are insufficiently active (< 150 minutes of
3.7
4.9
4.3 (27.5)*
2014
moderate-intensity PA per week, or < 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA per week) (%)
#
Overweight and obesity
Adults who are overweight (BMI ≥ 25–< 30 kg/m
2
) (%)
#
11.3
27.1
19.1 (38.9)*
2014
Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2
) (%)
#
1.8
7.5
4.6 (13.1)*
2014
Diabetes
Defined population with fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) or on medication for
1.7 (9)*
1.0 (8)*
-
2014
raised blood glucose (age-standardised) (%)
Prevalence of diabetes (adults, 20–79 years old) (%)
-
-
2.5 (9.3)
##
2019
CVD, cardiovascular disease; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; AF, atrial fibrillation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP,
diastolic blood pressure; PA, physical activity; BMI, body mass index.
*WHO; IHME Global data
4,6
**Okello,
et al.
7
#
STEPS data
9
##
IDF
Diabetes Atlas
.
13