CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA:
VOLUME 22, ISSUE 3, JUNE 2011
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- Title: HIV infection and
cardiovascular risk in black South Africans :
editorial
Authors: Fourie, C.M.T.; Van Rooyen, J.M.; Schutte, A.E.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 117-119
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Abstract: The overall growth of the global AIDS epidemic appears to have stabilised and the number of new infections is declining. This and the significant reduction in mortality could be attributed to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, although still fatal, has become a chronic and manageable disease. The therapy has increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals and therefore more people are living with HIV. The region affected the most by HIV remains sub-Saharan Africa, and South Africa continues to be the country housing the largest population of people (an estimated 5.6 million people in 2009) living with HIV worldwide.
- Title: Cardiovascular disease
prevention in women : are we up to date? :
editorial
Authors: Rapeport, Naomi
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 119-121
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Abstract: A pandemic of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is afflicting women. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women in every major developed country and most emerging economies. Although it is often thought of as a disease of affluence, CVD mortality rates in women over the age of 60 years are more than double in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
- Title: The history of the
Pan-African Society of Cardiology (PASCAR) : the
first 30 years, 1981-2011 : editorial
Authors: Watkins, David A.; Omokhodion, Samuel I.; Mayosi, Bongani M.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 122-123
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Abstract: The year 2011 marks the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Pan-African Society of Cardiology (PASCAR). Throughout its brief history, PASCAR has been integral to improving the cardiovascular health of the people of Africa. During the past three decades, many African countries have been vulnerable to political and social turmoil, and PASCAR itself has been repeatedly challenged to press on with its mission, in spite of innumerable practical obstacles. This article celebrates the hard work and dedication of PASCAR's founders and subsequent leaders, and challenges the present and future generations to carry on the charge of furthering the health of Africans.
- Title: Relationship between Tei
index of myocardial performance and left
ventricular geometry in Nigerians with systemic
hypertension : cardiovascular topics
Authors: Akintunde, Adeseye A.; Akinwusi, , Patience O.; Opadijo, George O.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 124-127
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DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2010-050
DOI Citation Reference Link: dx.doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2010-050
Abstract: Introduction : Left ventricular geometry is associated with cardiovascular events and prognosis. The Tei index of myocardial performance is a combined index of systolic and diastolic dysfunction and has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular outcome in heart diseases. The relationship between the Tei index and left ventricular geometry has not been well studied. This study examined the association between the Tei index and left ventricular geometry among hypertensive Nigerian subjects.
Methods : We performed echocardiography on 164 hypertensives and 64 control subjects. They were grouped into four geometric patterns based on left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness. The Tei index was obtained from the summation of the isovolumic relaxation time and the isovolumic contraction time, divided by the ejection time. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0.
Results : Among the hypertensive subjects, 68 (41.4%) had concentric hypertrophy, 43 (26.2%) had concentric remodelling, 24 (14.6%) had eccentric hypertrophy, and 29 (17.7%) had normal geometry. The Tei index was significantly higher among the hypertensives with concentric hypertrophy (CH), concentric remodelling (CR) and eccentric hypertrophy (EH) compared to the hypertensives with normal geometry (0.83 ± 1.0, 0.71 ± 0.2, 0.80 ± 0.2 vs 0.61 ± 0.2, respectively). The Tei index was higher among hypertensives with CH and EH than those with CR. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the Tei index was related to ejection fraction, fractional shortening and mitral E/A ratio.
Conclusion : Among Nigerian hypertensives, LV systolic and diastolic functions (using the Tei index) were impaired in all subgroups of hypertensive patients according to their left ventricle geometry compared to the control group. This impairment was more advanced in patients with concentric and eccentric hypertrophy.
- Title: Isoflurane pre-treatment
before cardiopulmonary bypass alleviates
neutrophil accumulation in dog lungs :
cardiovascular topics
Authors: Du, Gui-Zhi; Gao, Hong; Liu, Jin; Wu, Guan-Sheng; He, Xiang; Zeng, Xiang-Gang; Hu, Xuan-Yi; Li, Xin-Hua
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 128-133
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DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2010-055
DOI Citation Reference Link: dx.doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2010-055
Abstract: Objective : This study investigated the effect of isoflurane pre-treatment on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-related lung injury.
Methods : Twelve dogs were randomly divided into two groups of six each. In one group, 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane was administered for 30 min before CPB, while the control group received no anaesthetic. Both groups then underwent 100 min of mild hypothermic CPB with 60-min aortic cross clamping. Haemodynamic parameters, respiratory mechanics and alveolar arterial oxygen difference (AaDO2) were measured during the experiment. One hundred and fifty minutes after CPB, lung tissue samples from the non-dependent and dependent portions of the left and right lungs were harvested for polymorphonulear leukocyte (PMNs) counts.
Results : Following CPB, within the control group, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was significantly increased at 60, 120 and 180 min after declamping, AaDO2 deteriorated at 180 min post-declamping, and dynamic lung compliance (DLC) was reduced dramatically after declamping. Isoflurane pre-treatment before CPB significantly reduced PVR compared to the controls. AaDO2 was impaired at 180 min after declamping and DLC was decreased after declamping within the isoflurane group. No differences in AaDO2 and DLC were found between the isoflurane and control groups. At 180 min after declamping, the PMN count in both the non-dependent and dependent regions of the isoflurane pre-treated lungs was significantly lower than that of the controls.
Conclusions : Our results suggest that 30-min pre-treatment with 1.0 MAC isoflurane before CPB caused a reduction in PMN accumulation in the dog lungs, inhibition of increases in PVR, and it did not affect AaDO2 in the early post-CPB stage.
- Title: Is HIV-1 infection associated
with endothelial dysfunction in a population of
African ancestry in South Africa? :
cardiovascular topics
Authors: Fourie, C.; Van Rooyen, J.; Pieters, M.; Conradie, K.; Hoekstra, T.; Schutte, A.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 134-140
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DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2010-056
DOI Citation Reference Link: dx.doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2010-056
Abstract: The chronic infection status suffered by HIV-infected individuals promotes chronic arterial inflammation and injury, which leads to dysfunction of the endothelium, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Although HIV-1 subtype C is prevalent in South Africa and accounts for almost a third of the infections worldwide, this subtype differs genetically from HIV-1 subtype B on which the majority of studies have been done. The objective of this study was to assess whether newly identified, never-treated, HIV-1-infected South African participants showed signs of endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis and increased blood coagulation.
We compared 300 newly diagnosed (never antiretroviral-treated) HIV-infected participants to 300 age-, gender-, body mass index- and locality-matched uninfected controls. Levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and carotid radialis pulse wave velocity (cr-PWV) were determined. The HIV-infected participants showed lower HDL-C and higher IL-6, CRP, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels compared to the uninfected controls. No differences in fibrinogen and PAI-1 levels were detected. A continuous positive trend of increasing age with cr-PWV was detected in the HIV-infected group.
Our findings suggest inflammatory injury of the endothelium, pointing to endothelial dysfunction of never-treated HIV-1-infected South Africans of African ancestry. Although no indication of a prothrombotic state could be detected, there was an indication of accelerated vascular aging and probable early atherosclerosis in the older HIV-infected participants.
- Title: The metabolic syndrome,
anthropometry and microalbumin : letter to the
editor
Authors: Wiwanitkit, Viroj
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 140
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Abstract: I read the recent article on the metabolic syndrome, anthropometry and microalubmin with great interest. Hoebel et al. concluded that 'vascular BP, TG and WC were associated with risk of renal impairment in males, while in females, NC and WC were associated with this risk'.
- Title: Aberrant pathway in an
anomaly : pre-excitation syndrome in association
with coronary sinus aneurysm : case reports
Authors: Aziz, F.; Kanal, R.; Butt, S.; Penupolu, S.; Ameen, A.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 141-143
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DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2010-044
DOI Citation Reference Link: dx.doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2010-044
Abstract: Congenital coronary sinus anomalies are unusual and they rarely coexist with accessory atrio-ventricular pathways. These anomalies are generally asymptomatic; however they can cause difficulty in mapping. The association between accessory pathway and coronary sinus anomalies may suggest an embryological link. Here, we report on a male patient with an accessory conducting pathway in the coronary sinus, leading to Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome.
- Title: Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the
ascending aorta following purulent pericardial
effusion diagnosed by multi-slice computed
tomography : case reports
Authors: Erkut, Bilgehan; Becit, Necip; Kantarci, Mecit; Ceviz, Naci
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 143-144
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DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2010-038
DOI Citation Reference Link: dx.doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2010-038
Abstract: Mycotic pseudoaneurysm of the aorta is an uncommon disease, especially in childhood but has a high mortality due to spontaneous rupture. It is caused by endarteritis following bacteraemia or fungaemia. Due to spontaneous rupture, early diagnosis is very important.
- Title: Cardiogenic shock in an
elderly man caused by left main coronary artery
occlusion with spontaneous dissection of right
coronary artery : case reports
Authors: Karabay, Can Yucel; Kocabay, Gonenc; Kalayci, Arzu; Zehir, Regayip; Mert, Meral; Kirma, Cevat
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 145-146
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DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2010-051
DOI Citation Reference Link: dx.doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2010-051
Abstract: We present a case of an 85-year-old man with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock due to left main coronary artery occlusion, with spontaneous dissection of the right coronary artery.
- Title: Once fat was fat and that was
that : our changing perspectives on adipose
tissue : review article
Authors: Ferris, W.F.; Crowther, N.J.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 147-154
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DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2010-083
DOI Citation Reference Link: dx.doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2010-083
Abstract: Past civilisations saw excess body fat as a symbol of wealth and prosperity as the general population struggled with food shortages and famine. Nowadays it is recognised that obesity is associated with co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Our views on the roll of adipose tissue have also changed, from being solely a passive energy store, to an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolism, immunity and satiety. The relationship between increased visceral adiposity and obesity-related co-morbidities has lead to the recognition that variation in fat distribution contributes to ethnic differences in the prevalence of obesity-related diseases. Our current negative view of adipose tissue may change with the use of pluripotent adipose-derived stromal cells, which may lead to future autologous stem cell therapies for bone, muscle, cardiac and cartilage disorders. Here, we briefly review the concepts that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ, that differences in body fat distribution underline the aetiology of obesity-related co-morbidities, and the use of adipose-derived stem cells for future therapies.
- Title: The management of tobacco
smoking : your life and your heart
Authors: Wagenaar, Peter
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 157-158
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Abstract: The WHO Framework on Tobacco Control recognises smoking as the most preventable health risk factor, and almost every country in the world has signed on. Dr Fagerstrom cited a meta-analysis of 20 cohort studies, which showed unequivocally that smokers who stopped using tobacco after a myocardial infarction (MI) experienced a high reduction in risk of mortality or another MI. A critical aspect was post-hospital follow-up.
- Title: Free-of-charge cardiac
surgery in Africa
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 158
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Abstract: 'Emergency' is an Italian humanitarian organisation established in 1994 with the goal of providing high-quality, free-of-charge medical assistance to victims of war and poverty. In 2007, Emergency established a centre in Khartoum providing free-of-charge cardiac surgery. This is the only high-volume cardiac centre with 24/7/365 availability, managed by a humanitarian organisation. The aim of this study is to present our experiences from the first four years of activity.
- Title: Serving diabetes and
cardiology : round three of the South African
diabetologist / cardiologist debate : drug
trends in cardiology
Authors: Aalbers, J.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 161-163
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Abstract: The diabetes / cardiology debate was made possible by an annual unrestricted educational grant by Servier, in line with their long-term commitment to continuing medical education in South Africa.
- Title: RE-LY trial : new
sub-analyses highlight stroke reduction in all
types of non-valvular atrial fibrillation : drug
trends in cardiology
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 164
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Abstract: Two new retrospective sub-analyses of the RE-LY trial, involving Pradaxa capsules, suggested that the reduction in stroke risk achieved with Pradaxa 150 mg over warfarin occurred irrespective of the CHA2DS2-VASC risk score and the type of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) (permanent, persistent and paroxysmal). The results were presented at the American College of Cardiology annual scientific session recently.
- Title: New telmisartan / amlodipine
single-pill combination offers both efficacy and
tolerability : drug trends in cardiology
Authors: Aalbers, J.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 167
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Abstract: The supporting data for the use of the single-pill combination of telmisartan / amlodipine once daily in poorly controlled hypertensive patients is extensive and provides clinicians with an effective step-up anti-hypertensive treatment for these patients. This combination is approved in the European Union, the United States and Japan, for the treatment of adult patients with hypertension.
- Title: Diary for 2011 cardiovascular
congresses
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 167
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Abstract: Diary for 2011 cardiovascular congresses
- Title: Prasugrel study addresses
timing of thienopyridine loading dose in NSTEMI
patients pre-PCI (the ACCOAST study) : drug
trends in cardiology
Authors: Aalbers, J.
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 168
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Abstract: The optimal timing for the administration of a thienopyridine loading dose of either clopidogrel or prasugrel is still a matter of debate in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEMI).
- Title: New anti-coagulant therapies
set to revitalise clinical haemotology practice,
Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 21(6) 2010 :
pp. 323
Myocardial salvage after myocardial infarction depends on early therapy, Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 21(6) 2010 : pp. 344 : errata
Authors: Aalbers, J.; Wagenaar, P.; Klug, Eric
From: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, Vol 22, Issue 3, May / Jun
Published: 2011
Pages: 168
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Abstract: New anti-coagulant therapies set to revitalise clinical haemotology practice, Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 21(6) 2010 : pp. 323
Myocardial salvage after myocardial infarction depends on early therapy, Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 21(6) 2010 : pp. 344
