CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Vol 21, No 2, March/April 2010
92
AFRICA
CHF treatment is a substantial problem in Soweto. Additionally,
as education on heart failure is not optimal, knowledge on heart
failure medication and management is poor. These data confirm
the need for a dedicated heart-failure programme in a low-
resource set up to optimise CHF management and outcomes.
We thank Phutuma Mathusi who contributed to the collection of the data. We
acknowledge the financial support of the University of the Witwatersrand
and the Medtronic Foundation.
References
McMurray JJ, Stewart S. Epidemiology, aetiology and prognosis of heart
1.
failure.
Heart
2000;
83
: 596–602.
Sliwa K, Damasceno A, Mayosi B. Epidemiology and etiology of cardio-
2.
myopathy in Africa.
Circulation
2005;
112
: 3577–3583.
Stewart S, Wilkinson D, Becker A,
3.
et al
. Mapping the emergence of
heart disease in a black urban population in Africa: The Heart of Soweto
Study.
Int J Cardiol
2006;
101
: 101–108.
Damesceno A, Cotter G, Sliwa K, Mayosi BM. Heart failure in
4.
sub-Saharan Africa: Time for Action.
J Am Coll Cardiol
2007;
50
;
1688–1693.
Inglis SC, Stewart S, Papachan A
5.
et al
. Anaemia and renal function in
heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Eur J Heart Fail
2007;
9
: 384–390.
Swedburg K, Cleland J, Dargie H,
6.
et al
. ESC Guidelines for the diag-
nosis and treatment of chronic heart failure: executive summary (update
2005). The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of CHF of the
European Society of Cardiology.
Eur Heart J
2005;
26
: 1115–1140.
Evangelista LS, Doering LV, Westlake C, Hamilton M, Fonarow GC.
7.
Compliance behaviours of elderly patients with advanced heart failure.
J Cardiovsac Nurs
2003;
18
: 197–206.
Munger MA, Van Tassell BW, LaFleur J. Medication nonadherence: an
8.
unrecognized cardiovascular risk factor.
Med Gen Med
2007;
9
: 58.
Ni H, Naumann D, Burgess D, Wise K, Crispell K, Herschberger RE.
9.
Factors influencing knowledge of and adherence to selfcare among
patients with heart failure.
Arch Intern Med
1999;
159
: 1613–1619.
Ohene Buabeng K, Matowe L, Plange-Rhele J. Unaffordable drug
10.
prices: the major cause of non-compliance with hypertension medication
in Ghana.
J Pharm Pharm Sci
2004;
7
(3): 350–352.
Bhagat K, Mazayi-Mupanemunda M. Compliance with medication in
11.
patients with heart failure in Zimbabwe.
East Afr Med J
2001;
78
(1):
45–48.
Shiri C, Srinivas SC, Futter W, Radloff SE. The role of insights into and
12.
beliefs about medicines of hypertensive patients.
Cardiovasc J Afr
2007;
18
: 353–357.
Sliwa K, Wilkinson D, Hansen C,
13.
et al
. Spectrum of heart disease and
risk factors in a black urban population in South Africa (the Heart of
Soweto Study): a cohort study.
Lancet
2008;
371
: 915–922.
Evangelista LS, Berg J, Dracup K. Relationship between psychosocial
14.
variables and compliance in patients with heart failure.
Heart Lung
2001;
30
: 294–301.
Roe CM, Motheral BR, Teitelbaum F, Rich MW. Compliance with and
15.
dosing of angiotensin-converting inhibitors before and after hospitaliza-
tion.
Am J Health Syst Pharm
2000;
57
: 139–145.
Van der Wal MHL, Jaarsma T, van Veldhuisen DJ. Non-compliance in
16.
patients with heart failure; how can we manage it?
Eur J Heart Fail
2005;
7
(4): 5–17.
Schwarz KA, Elman CS. Identification of factors predictive of hospi-
17.
tal readmissions for patients with heart failure.
Heart Lung
2003;
32
:
88–99.
Artinian NT, Magnan M, Sloan M, Lange MP. Self-care behaviours
18.
among patients with heart failure.
Heart Lung
2002;
31
: 161–172.
Jaarsma T, Abu-Saad HH, Dracup K, Halfens R. Self-care behaviour of
19.
patients with heart failure.
Scand J Caring Sci
2000;
14
: 112–119.
Cline CM, Bjorck-Linne AK, Israelsson BY, Willenheimer RB, Erhardt
20.
LR. Non-compliance and knowledge of prescribed medication in elderly
patients with heart failure.
Eur J Heart Fail
1999;
1
: 145–149.
Struthers AD, Anderson G, Mac Fadyen RJ, Fraser C, Mac Donald TM.
21.
Non-adherence with ACE inhibitor treatment is common in heart failure
and can be detected by routine serumACE activities assays.
Heart
1999;
82
: 584–588.
Monane M, Bohn RL, Gurwitz JH, Glynn RJ, Avorn J. Non-compliance
22.
with congestive heart failure therapy in the elderly.
Arch Intern Med
1994;
154
: 433–437.
Bushnell FK. Self-care teaching for congestive heart failure patients.
23.
J
Gerontol Nurs
1992;
18
: 27–32.
De Lusignan S, Wells S, Johnson P, Meredith K, Leathan E. Compliance
24.
and effectiveness of 1 year’s home telemonitoring. The report of a pilot
study of patients with chronic heart failure.
Eur J Heart Fail
2001;
3
:
723–730.
Van der Wal MHL, Jaarsma T, Moser DK, Veeger NJGM, van Gilst WH,
25.
Van Veldhuisen DJ. Compliance in heart failure patients: the importance
of knowledge and beliefs.
Eur Heart J
2006;
27
: 434–440.
Carlson B, Riegel B, Moser DK. Self-care abilities of patients with heart
26.
failure.
Heart Lung
2001;
30
: 351–359.
Evangelista LS, Doering LV, Dracup K. Usefulness of a history of
27.
tobacco and alcohol use in predicting multiple heart failure readmissions
among veterans.
Am J Cardiol
2000;
86
: 1339–1342.
Opasich C, Rapezzi C, Lucci D
28.
et al
. Precipitating factors and decision-
making process of short-term worsening heart failure despite “optimal”
treatment.
Am J Cardiol
2001;
88
: 382–387.
Struthers AD, Anderson G, Donnan DT, Mac Donald T. Social depriva-
29.
tion increases cardiac hospitalization in chronic heart failure independ-
ent of disease severity and diuretic non-adherence.
Heart
2000;
83
:
12–16.
Stewart S, Horowitz JD. Detecting early clinical deterioration in chronic
30.
heart failure patients post-acute hospitalisation-a critical component of
multidisciplinary, home-based intervention?
Eur J Heart Fail
2002;
4
:
345–351.
McMurray JJ, Stewart S. The burden of heart failure.
31.
Eur Heart J
2002;
4
(Suppl D): D50–D58.
McAlister FA, Stewart S, Ferrua S, McMurray JJ. Multidisciplinary
32.
strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for
admission: A systematic review of randomized trials.
J Am Coll Cardiol
2004;
44
(4): 810–819.
Roccafort R, Demers C, Baldassarre F, Koon T, Yusuf S. Effectiveness
33.
of comprehensive disease management programmes in improving clini-
cal outcomes in heart failure patients. A meta-analysis.
Eur J Heart Fail
2005;
7
: 1133–1144.
Stewart S, Wilkinson D, Hansen C,
34.
et al
. A predominance of heart fail-
ure in the Heart of Soweto Study cohort: emerging challenges for urban
African communities.
Circulation
2008;
118
: 2360–2367.
