Cardiovascular Journal of Africa: Vol 30 No 2 (March/April 2019)

61 / 74

CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 30, No 2, March/April 2019 AFRICA 127
online ahead of print. DOI: (8):15-20.
25. Funai EF, Friedlander Y, Paltiel O, Tiram E, Xue X, Deutsch L, et al.
Long-term mortality after pre-eclampsia. Epidemiology 2005; 16(1):
206–215.
26. Leslie M, Briggs L. Pre-eclampsia and the risk of future vascular
disease and mortality: a review. J Midwifery Womens Health2016; 61(3):
315–324.
27. Dunietz GL, Strutz KL, Holzman C, Tian Y, Todem D, Bullen BL, et al.
Moderately elevated blood pressure during pregnancy and odds of hyper-
tension later in life the POUCHmoms longitudinal study. Br J Obstet
Gynaecol 2017; doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.14556. [Epub ahead of print].
28. Yang JJ, Lee S-A, Choi J-Y, Song M, Han S, Yoon H-S, et al.
Subsequent risk of metabolic syndrome in women with a history of pre-
eclampsia: data from the Health Examinees Study. J Epidemiol 2015;
25(4): 281–288.
29. Tooher J, Thornton C, Makris A, Ogle R, Korda A, Hennessy A. All
hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increase the risk of future cardio-
vascular disease. Hypertension 2017; 70(4): 798–803.
30. Grace T, Bulsara M, Pennell C, Hands B. Maternal hypertensive diseases
negatively affect offspring motor development. Pregnancy Hypertens
2014; 4(3): 209–214.
31. Lawlor D, Macdonald-Wallis C, Fraser A, Nelson S, Hingorani A,
Davey Smith G, et al . Cardiovascular biomarkers and vascular func-
tion during childhood in the offspring of mothers with hypertensive
disorders of pregnancy: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of
Parents and Children. Eur Heart J 2012; 33(3): 335–345.
32. Brown MA, Mangos G, Davis G, Homer C. The natural history of
white coat hypertension during pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2005;
112(5): 601–606.
33. Saudan P, Brown MA, Buddle ML, Jones M. Does gestational hyper-
tension become pre-eclampsia? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 105(11):
1177–1184.
34. Lee-Ann H, T, Brown MA, Mangos GJ, Davis GK. Transient gesta-
tional hypertension: Not always a benign event. Pregnancy Hypertens
2012; 2(1): 22–27.
35. Bowyer L, Brown MA, Jones M. Forearm blood flow in pre-eclampsia.
Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2003; 110(4): 383–391.
36. Quinn M. Korotkoff’s sounds in pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
1995; 6(1): 58–61.
37. Jeyabalan A, Kerchner L, Fisher MC, McGuane JT, Doty KD, Conrad
KP. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, protein, mRNA, and tissue
inhibitors in small arteries from pregnant and relaxin-treated nonpreg-
nant rats. J Appl Physiol 2006; 100(6): 1955–1963.
38. Samuel CS, Cendrawan S, Gao XM, Ming Z, Zhao C, Kiriazis H, et al.
Relaxin remodels fibrotic healing following myocardial infarction. Lab
Invest 2011; 91(5): 675–690.
39. Conrad KP, Shroff SG. Effects of relaxin on arterial dilation, remod-
eling, and mechanical properties. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011; 13(6):
409–420.
40. Leo CH, Jelinic M, Ng HH, Marshall SA, Novak J, Tare M, et al.
Vascular actions of relaxin: nitric oxide and beyond. Br J Pharmacol
2017; 174(10): 1002–1014.
41. Ngene NC, Moodley J. Physiology of blood pressure relevant to manag-
ing hypertension in pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017: 1–10.
doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1404569. [Epub ahead of print].
42. Monga M, Mastrobattista JM. Maternal cardiovascular, respiratory,
and adaptation to pregnancy. In: Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams JD,
Moore CR, Greene MF, eds. Creasy and Resnik’s Maternal-fetal
Medicine: Principles and Practice. China: Saunders, an imprint of
Elsvier Inc, 2014.
43. Salleh S, Quinn M. Korotkoff’s sounds in pregnancy. J Hypertens 2005;
23(7): 1433.
44. Agra KF, Pontes IEA, da Silva J R Jr, Figueiroa JN, Clough GF, Alves
JGB. Impaired neurovascular reactivity in the microvasculature of
pregnant women with preeclampsia. Microcirculation 2017; 24(7): doi:
10.1111/micc.12383.
45. Kao CK, Morton JS, Quon AL, Reyes LM, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Davidge
ST. Mechanism of vascular dysfunction due to circulating factors in
women with pre-eclampsia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130(7): 539–549.
46. Morris EA, Hale SA, Badger GJ, Magness RR, Bernstein IM. Pregnancy
induces persistent changes in vascular compliance in primiparous
women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 212(5): 633.e1–6.
47. Vollebregt K, van Leijden L, Westerhof B, Boer K, Wolf H. Arterial
stiffness is higher in early pregnancy in women, who will develop pre-
eclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199(6, Supplement A): S203.
48. FranzMB, BurgmannM, Neubauer A, Zeisler H, Sanani R, Gottsauner-
Wolf M, et al. Augmentation index and pulse wave velocity in normo-
tensive and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013;
92(8): 960–966.
49. Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, BarryMJ, Davidson KW,
et al. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Preeclampsia: US
Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. J Am Med
Assoc 2017; 317(16): 1661–1667.
50. Tranquilli AL, Giannubilo S, Dell’Uomo B, Corradetti A. Prediction of
gestational hypertension or intrauterine fetal growth restriction by mid-
trimester 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Int J Gynaecol
Obstet 2004; 85(2): 126–131.
51. Singh RK, Verma NS, Barnwal N, Gupta HP, Singh U, Mehrotra S,
et al. Studies on circadian pattern of blood pressure in normotensive
pregnanct women and preeclampsia. In memory of late Professor Franz
Halberg, Father of Chronobiology. World Heart J 2014; 6(1): 21–28.
52. Udenze IC, Arikawe AP, Makwe CC, Olowoselu OF. A prospective
cohort study on the clinical utility of second trimester mean arte-
rial blood pressure in the prediction of late-onset preeclampsia among
Nigerian women . Niger J Clin Pract 2017; 20(6): 741–745.
53. Lee W, Rokey R, Miller J, Cotton DB. Maternal hemodynamic effects of
uterine contractions by M-mode and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography.
Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161(4): 974–977.
54. El Ayadi AM, Nathan HL, Seed PT, Butrick EA, Hezelgrave NL,
Shennan AH, et al. Vital sign prediction of adverse maternal outcomes
in women with hypovolemic shock: the role of shock index. PLoS One
2016; 11(2): e0148729.
55. Jones RM, Knight PR, Hill AB. Rate pressure product. Anaesthesia
1980; 35: 1010–1021.
56. Pepper MG, Crawley BC. Rate pressure product. Anaesthesia 1984;
39(2): 192–193.
57. Douglas K, Redman C. Eclampsia in the United Kingdom. Br Med J
1994; 309: 1395–1400.
58. Moodley J, Kalane G. A review of the management of eclampsia: practi-
cal issues. Hypertens Pregnancy 2006; 25(2): 47–62.
59. Davis GK, Roberts LM, Mangos GJ, Brown MA. Comparisons of
auscultatory hybrid and automated sphygmomanometers with mercu-
ry sphygmomanometry in hypertensive and normotensive pregnant
women: parallel validation studies. J Hypertens 2015; 33(3): 499–505.
60. Al-Shaikh B, Stacey S. Essentials of Anaesthetic Equipment. 4th edn.
Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2013.
61. Ward M, Langton JA. Blood pressure measurement. Contin Educat
Anaesth Crit Care Pain 2007; 7(4): 122–126.
62. Ngene NC, Moodley J. Blood pressure measurement and rapid acting
antihypertesnsives for severe hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol