CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 30, No 4, July/August 2019
AFRICA
221
and strain rate in patients with severe mitral stenosis before and after
balloon mitral valvuloplasty.
Indian Heart J
2014;
66
(2): 176–182. DOI:
10.1016/j.ihj.2014.02.012.
11. Morris DA, Krisper M, Nakatani S, Köhncke C, Otsuji Y, Belyavskiy
E,
et al
. Normal range and usefulness of right ventricular systolic strain
to detect subtle right ventricular systolic abnormalities in patients with
heart failure: a multicentre study.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging
2017;
18
(2): 212–223. DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew011.
12. Ternacle J, Berry M, Cognet T, Kloeckner M, Damy T, Monin JL,
et al
.
Prognostic value of right ventricular two-dimensional global strain in
patients referred for cardiac surgery.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2013;
26
(7):
721–726. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2013.03.021.
13. Guendouz S, Rappeneau S, Nahum J, Dubois-Randé JL, Gueret P,
Monin JL,
et al
. Prognostic significance and normal values of 2D strain
to assess right ventricular systolic function in chronic heart failure.
Circ
J
2012;
76
(1): 127–136. PMID: 22033348.
14. Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande
L,
et al
. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by
echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of
Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular
Imaging.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2015;
28
(1): 1–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.
echo.2014.10.003.
15. Nagueh SF, Appleton CP, Gillebert TC, Marino PN, Oh JK, Smiseth
OA,
et al
. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular dias-
tolic function by echocardiography.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2009;
22
(2):
107–133. PMID: 19187853.
16. Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, Hua L, Handschumacher MD,
Chandrasekaran K,
et al
. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assess-
ment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American
Society of Echocardiography: endorsed by the European Association
of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of
Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography.
J Am Soc
Echocardiogr
2010;
23
(7): 685–713. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010.
17. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP,
Guyton RA,
et al
. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of
patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College
of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice
Guidelines.
J Am Coll Cardiol
2014;
63
(22): e57–185. doi: 10.1016/j.
jacc.2017.03.011.
18. Reményi B, Wilson N, Steer A, Ferreira B, Kado J, Kumar K,
et al
.
World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of
rheumatic heart disease – an evidence-based guideline.
Nature Rev
Cardiol
2012;
9
(5): 297–309. DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.7.
19. Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, Kraft
CD, Levine RA,
et al
. Recommendations for evaluation of the sever-
ity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler
echocardiography.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2003;
16
(7): 777–802. DOI:
10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00335-3.
20. Younan H. Role of two dimensional strain and strain rate imaging in
assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients with rheu-
matic mitral stenosis and normal ejection fraction.
Egyptian Heart J
2015;
67
(3): 193
–19
8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2014.07.003.21. Marciniak A, Claus P, Sutherland GR, Marciniak M, Karu T,
Baltabaeva A,
et al
. Changes in systolic left ventricular function in
isolated mitral regurgitation. Strain rate imaging study.
Eur Heart J
2007;
28
(21): 2627–2636. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm072.
22. Kocabay G, Muraru D, Peluso D, Cucchini U, Mihaila S, Padayattil-
Jose S,
et al
. Normal left ventricular mechanics by two-dimensional
speckle-tracking echocardiography. Reference values in healthy adults.
Rev Española Cardiología
(English edn) 2014;
67
(8): 651–658. doi:
10.1016/j.rec.2013.12.009.
23. Mingo-Santos S, Moñivas-Palomero V, Garcia-Lunar I, Mitroi CD,
Goirigolzarri-Artaza J, Rivero B,
et al
. Usefulness of two-dimensional
strain parameters to diagnose acute rejection after heart transplanta-
tion.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2015;
28
(10): 1149–1156. doi: 10.1016/j.
echo.2015.06.005.
24. Konishi K, Dohi K, Tanimura M, Sato Y, Watanabe K, Sugiura E,
et
al
. Quantifying longitudinal right ventricular dysfunction in patients
with old myocardial infarction by using speckle-tracking strain echo-
cardiography.
Cardiovasc Ultrasound
2013;
11
(1): 1. doi: 10.1186/1476-
7120-11-23.
25. Todaro MC, Romano G, Carerj S, Clemenza F, Pilato M, Khandheria
BK. Right ventricular free wall strain: a predictor of successful left
ventricular assist device implantation.
Texas Heart Inst J
2015;
42
(1):
87–89. DOI: 10.14503/THIJ-14-4111.
26. Friedberg MK, Redington AN. Right versus left ventricular failure
differences, similarities, and interactions.
Circulation
2014;
129
(9):
1033–1044. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.001375.
27. Fine NM, Chen L, Bastiansen PM, Frantz RP, Pellikka PA, Oh JK,
Kane GC. Reference values for right ventricular strain in patients with-
out cardiopulmonary disease: a prospective evaluation and meta‐analy-
sis.
Echocardiography
2015;
32
(5): 787–796. DOI: 10.1111/echo.12806.
28. Fukuda Y, Tanaka H, Sugiyama D, Ryo K, Onishi T, Fukuya H,
et al
.
Utility of right ventricular free wall speckle-tracking strain for evalua-
tion of right ventricular performance in patients with pulmonary hyper-
tension.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2011;
24
(10): 1101–1108. doi: 10.1016/j.
echo.2011.06.005.
29. Focardi M, Cameli M, Carbone SF, Massoni A, de Vito R, Lisi M,
Mondillo S. Traditional and innovative echocardiographic parameters
for the analysis of right ventricular performance in comparison with
cardiac magnetic resonance.
Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging
2015;
16
(1): 47–52. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu156.
30. Mann DL, Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO.
Braunwald’s Heart Disease:
A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine.
New York: Elsevier Health
Sciences, 2014.