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AFRICA
Cardiovascular Journal of Africa • Volume 31, No 4 August 2020
S20
Tobacco and alcohol
The prevalence of tobacco use in adult men and women
(≥ 15 years old) was 11 and 1%, respectively, in 2016.
6
Data available for 13-15-year-olds indicated that 18.6%
of these adolescents used tobacco.
9
In the Global Youth
Tobacco Survey, similar results were described in an earlier
report.
10,11
Tobacco was estimated to kill over 16 100 persons
annually.
12
The estimated annual direct cost of tobacco use
in Nigeria is not known, while the premature CVD mortality
rate attributable to tobacco is 2% of that of the total death
rate (Table 1).
13
The three-year (2016–18) average recorded
alcohol consumption per capita (≥ 15 years) was 7.8 litres
(Table 1).
5
Raised blood pressure and cholesterol
In 2015, the percentage of men and women with raised
blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic
BP ≥ 90 mmHg) was 22.7 and 25%, respectively.
5
Country
data for raised total cholesterol level (≥ 5.0 mmol/l) in
2008 was 16.8%.
5
The percentage of DALYs lost because
of hypertension was 1.6%, whereas mortality rate caused
by hypertensive heart disease was 0.36% in 2017, which is
much lower than the global figure of 1.65% (Table 1).
8
Physical activity
In a study among adolescents, 62.6% were found to be
insufficiently active [< 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-
intensity physical activity (PA) daily].
14
In 2016, the age-
standardised estimate for adults who were insufficiently
active (< 150 minutes of moderate-intensity PA per week or
< 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA per week) was 27.1%.
This figure corresponds to that of the global data at 27.5%
(Table 1).
5
Overweight and obesity
In adults 25 years and older, the prevalence of overweight
[body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25–< 30 kg/m
2
] and obesity (BMI ≥
30 kg/m
2
) was 28.9 and 8.9%, respectively in 2016 (Table 1).
5
Table 1: Cardiovascular disease indicators for Nigeria
Indicators
Male
Female
Total
Year
Status of the national CVD epidemic
Premature CVD mortality (30–70 years old) (% deaths)
-
-
12
2012
Total CVD mortality (% of deaths)
7.05
8.51
7.73 (31.8)*
2017
Total RHD mortality (% of deaths)
0.1
0.13
0.11 (0.5)*
2017
DALYs attributable to CVD (%)
2.47
2.78
2.61 (14.7)*
2017
AF and atrial flutter (%)
0.15
0.11
0.13 (0.5)*
2017
Prevalence of RHD (%)
0.66
0.83
0.75 (0.5)*
2017
Tobacco and alcohol
Prevalence of adult tobacco use (≥ 15 years old) (%)
11.0 (36.1)**
1.0 (6.8)**
-
2016
Prevalence of youth (13-15-year-olds) tobacco use (%)
-
-
2016
Estimated direct (healthcare-related) cost of tobacco use in your population
-
2018
(current US$)
Proportion of premature CVD mortality attributable to tobacco (%)
-
-
2 (10)**
2004
Recorded alcohol consumption per capita (≥ 15 years old) (litres of pure alcohol)
7.8
2016–18
(three-year average)
Raised blood pressure and cholesterol
Population with raised blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) (%)
22.7 (24.1)** 25.0 (20.1)**
-
2015
Population with raised total cholesterol (≥ 5.0 mmol/l) (%)
14.0
19.4
16.8 (38.9)**
2008
DALYs attributable to hypertension (%)
1.5
1.73
1.61 (8.7)*
2017
Mortality caused by hypertensive heart disease (% of deaths)
0.18
0.56
0.36 (1.7)*
2017
Physical activity
Adolescents (11–17 years old) who are insufficiently active (< 60 minutes of moderate-
-
-
62.2 (80.7)**
2016
to vigorous-intensity PA daily) (%)
Adults (age-standardised estimate) who are insufficiently active (< 150 minutes of
24.7
29.6
27.1 (27.5)**
2016
moderate-intensity PA per week, or < 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA per week) (%)
Overweight and obesity
Adults who are overweight (BMI) ≥ 25–< 30 kg/m
2
) (%)
21.7
36.1
28.9 (38.9)**
2016
Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
2
) (%)
4.6
13.1
8.9 (13.1)**
2016
Diabetes
Defined population with fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) or on medication for
6.3 (9)*
6.0 (8)*
-
2014
raised blood glucose (age-standardised) (%)
Prevalence of diabetes (20–79 years old) (%)
-
-
3.1 (9.3)
#
2019
CVD, cardiovascular disease; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; AF, atrial fibrillation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP,
diastolic blood pressure; PA, physical activity; BMI, body mass index.
*IHME Global Health Data Exchange
8
**WHO Global data
5
#
IDF
Diabetes Atlas
.
15