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CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 31, No 2, March/April 2020
104
AFRICA
In 2017, the percentage of DALYs lost because of hypertension
was 3.14%, whereas the mortality rate caused by hypertensive
heart disease (0.64%) was lower than the 1.65% for global data
(Table 1).
4
Physical activity
No data were available for 11–17-year-old adolescents who were
insufficiently active (< 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-
intensity physical activity daily). However, the age-standardised
estimate for adults who were insufficiently active (< 150 minutes
of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or < 75 minutes
of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week) was 28.5%,
which is higher than GHO data at 27.5% (Table 1).
5
Overweight and obesity
In 2017, the prevalence of overweight [body mass index (BMI)
≥
25 to < 30 kg/m
2
] in adult men 25 years and older was 15.3% and
in women 19.4% (May measurement month 2017 unpublished,
permission granted). For obesity (BMI
≥
30 kg/m
2
), the prevalence
was 7.7 and 18%, for men and women, respectively (May
measurement month 2017 unpublished, permission granted).
Cameroon’s obesity prevalence for adults is lower (12.9%)
compared to the global prevalence of 13.1%, as is that for the
prevalence of overweight at 17.3 versus 38.9% globally (Table 1).
5
Diabetes
The percentage of the population (adults 18 years and older)
defined with fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l or on medication
for raised blood glucose levels (age-standardised) in 2014 was
6.5% for men and 6.9% for women.
5
In 2019, the prevalence of
age-adjusted (20–79 years) diabetes was 6.0%, which is higher
than that of Africa (3.9%) but lower than the global level of
9.3% (Table 1).
9
Part C: Clinical practice and guidelines
Health system capacity
The country had 0.9 physicians and 0.058 nurses per 10 000 of
the population in 2011 and 2013, respectively, while there were 13
hospital beds for every 10 000 people in 2010.
10
No data for locally relevant clinical tools to assess CVD risk
or national guidelines for the treatment of tobacco dependence
were available by 2018.
11
However, locally relevant clinical
guidelines for the management of acute rheumatic fever
(ARF) and RHD are available.
12,13
Cameroon is involved in the
INVICTUS (Investigation of Rheumatic Atrial Fibrillation
Treatment using Vitamin K Antagonist, Rivaroxaban or Aspirin
Studies) clinical trial, a comprehensive evaluation of RHD,
including a multi-centre hospital-based registry.
14
Cameroon
was one of 12 sub-Saharan countries that participated in the
VALVAFRIC study, a multi-centre international hospital-based
Table 1. Cardiovascular disease indicators for Cameroon
Indicators
Male
Female
Total
Year
Status of the national CVD epidemic
Premature CVD mortality (age 30–70 years) (% of deaths)
–
–
12
2012
Total CVD mortality (% of deaths)
10.79
13.08
11.85 (31.8)* 2017
DALYs attributable to CVD (%)
5.0
5.03
5.02 (14.66)* 2017
Total RHD mortality (% of deaths)
0.2
0.21
0.2 (0.51)* 2017
AF and atrial flutter (%)
0.14
0.11
0.13 (0.5)* 2017
Prevalence of RHD (%)
0.69
0.86
0.78 (0.53)* 2017
Tobacco and alcohol
Prevalence of adult tobacco use (15+ years old) (%)
43.8 (36.1)* 0.9 (6.8)*
–
2015
Prevalence of youth (13–15-year-olds) tobacco use (%)
–
–
–
Estimated direct (healthcare-related) cost of tobacco use in your population (in current US$)
–
–
Proportion of premature CVD mortality attributable to tobacco (%)
–
–
2 (10)*
2004
Recorded alcohol consumption per capita (15+ years) (in litres of pure alcohol) (3-year average)
6.5
2015–17
Raised blood pressure and cholesterol
Population with raised blood pressure (SBP
≥
140 mmHg or DBP
≥
90 mmHg) (%)
31.3 (24.1)* 30.8 (20.1)*
-
2018
Population with raised total cholesterol (
≥
5.0 mmol/l) (%)
29.5
22.3
26.0 (38.9)* 2018
DALYs attributable to hypertension (%)
3.23
3.02
3.14 (8.7)* 2017
Mortality caused by hypertensive heart disease (% of deaths)
0.42
0.91
0.64 (1.65)* 2017
Physical activity
Adolescents (ages 11–17) who are insufficiently active (
<
60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physi-
cal activity daily) (%)
–
–
–
–
Adults (age-standardised estimate) who are insufficiently active (
<
150 minutes of moderate-intensity physi-
cal activity per week, or
<
75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week) (%)
21.8
35.2
28.5 (27.5)* 2016
Overweight and obesity
Adults who are overweight (BMI
≥
25–
<
30 kg/m
2
) (%)
15.3
19.4
17.3 (38.9)* 2017
Prevalence of obesity (BMI
≥
30 kg/m
2
) (%)
7.7
18.0
12.9 (13.1)* 2017
Diabetes
Defined population with fasting glucose
≥
126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l) or on medication for raised blood glucose
(age-standardised) (%)
6.5 (9)*
6.9 (8)*
–
2014
Prevalence of diabetes (ages 20–79) (%)
–
–
6.0 (9.3)** 2019
CVD, cardiovascular disease; DALYs, disability adjusted life years; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; AF, atrial fibrillation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic
blood pressure; BMI, body mass index.
*WHO global data.
5
**IDF Diabetes Atlas.
9