![Show Menu](styles/mobile-menu.png)
![Page Background](./../common/page-substrates/page0033.png)
CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 31, No 3, May/June 2020
AFRICA
141
2179–2184.
11. Siu SC, Sermer M, Colman JM, Alvarez AN, Mercier LA, Morton BC,
et al.
Prospective multicenter study of pregnancy outcomes in women
with heart disease.
Circulation
2001;
104
(5): 515–521.
12. McIntire DD, Bloom SL, Casey BM, Leveno KJ. Birth weight in rela-
tion to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants.
N Engl J Med
1999;
340
(16): 1234–1238.
13. Zeitlin J, El Ayoubi M, Jarreau PH, Draper ES, Blondel B, Kunzel W,
et al.
Impact of fetal growth restriction on mortality and morbidity in a
very preterm birth cohort.
J Pediatr
2010;
157
(5): 733–739.
14. Cuevas KD, Silver DR, Brooten D, Youngblut JM, Bobo CM. The cost
of prematurity: hospital charges at birth and frequency of rehospitaliza-
tions and acute care visits over the first year of life: a comparison by
gestational age and birth weight.
Am J Nurs
2005;
105
(7): 56–64.
15. Barker DJ.
In utero
programming of chronic disease.
Clin Sci
(Lond)
1998;
95
(2): 115–128.
16. Osmond C, Barker DJ. Fetal, infant, and childhood growth are predic-
tors of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension in adult men
and women.
Environ Health Perspect
2000;
108
(Suppl 3): 545–553.
17. Magee LA, Elran E, Bull SB, Logan A, Koren G. Risks and benefits
of beta-receptor blockers for pregnancy hypertension: overview of the
randomized trials.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
2000;
88
(1): 15–26.
18. Meidahl Petersen K, Jimenez-Solem E, Andersen JT, Petersen M,
Brodbaek K, Kober L,
et al
. Beta-blocker treatment during preg-
nancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a nationwide population-based
cohort study.
Br Med J Open
2012;
2
(4).
19. Nakhai-Pour HR, Rey E, Berard A. Antihypertensive medication use
during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations or
small-for-gestational-age newborns.
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod
Toxicol
2010;
89
(2): 147–154.
20. Abalos E, Duley L, Steyn DW. Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild
to moderate hypertension during pregnancy.
Cochrane Database Syst
Rev
2014;
6
(2): CD002252.
21. Davis RL, Eastman D, McPhillips H, Raebel MA, Andrade SE, Smith
D,
et al.
Risks of congenital malformations and perinatal events among
infants exposed to calcium channel and beta-blockers during pregnancy.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf
2011;
20
(2): 138–145.
22. Magee LA, Ornstein MP, von Dadelszen P. Fortnightly review: manage-
ment of hypertension in pregnancy.
Br Med J
1999;
318
(7194): 1332–
1336.
23. Podymow T, August P. Antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy.
Semin
Nephrol
2011;
31
(1): 70–85.
24. Magee LA, Abalos E, von Dadelszen P, Sibai B, Easterling T,
Walkinshaw S,
et al
. How to manage hypertension in pregnancy effec-
tively.
Br J Clin Pharmacol
2011;
72
(3): 394–401.
25. Magee LA, Duley L. Oral beta-blockers for mild to moderate hyperten-
sion during pregnancy.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
2003; 3: CD002863.
26. Von Dadelszen P, Magee LA. Fall in mean arterial pressure and fetal
growth restriction in pregnancy hypertension: an updated metaregres-
sion analysis.
J Obstet Gynaecol Can
2002;
24
(12): 941–945.
27. Ersboll AS, Hedegaard M, Sondergaard L, Ersboll M, Johansen M.
Treatment with oral beta-blockers during pregnancy complicated by
maternal heart disease increases the risk of fetal growth restriction.
Br J
Obstet Gynaecol
2014;
121
(5): 618–626.
28. Ruys TP, Maggioni A, Johnson MR, Sliwa K, Tavazzi L, Schwerzmann
M,
et al.
Cardiac medication during pregnancy, data from the ROPAC.
Int J Cardiol
2014;
177
(1): 124–128.
29. Sliwa K, Libhaber E, Elliott C, Momberg Z, Osman A, Zuhlke L,
et al
.
Spectrum of cardiac disease in maternity in a low-resource cohort in
South Africa.
Heart
2014;
100
(24): 1967–1974.
30. Sliwa K, Azibani F, Baard J, Osman A, Zuhlke L, Lachmann A,
et al
.
Reducing late maternal death due to cardiovascular disease – A prag-
matic pilot study.
Int J Cardiol
2018;
272
: 70–76.
31. Lydakis C, Lip GY, Beevers M, Beevers DG. Atenolol and fetal growth
in pregnancies complicated by hypertension.
Am J Hypertens
1999;
12
(6): 541–547.
32. Resch BE, Ducza E, Gaspar R, Falkay G. Role of adrenergic receptor
subtypes in the control of human placental blood vessels.
Mol Reprod
Dev
2003;
66
(2): 166–171.
33. Smith C, Teitler M. Beta-blocker selectivity at cloned human beta
1- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther
1999;
13
(2):
123–126.
34. Hypertension in Pregnancy: The Management of Hypertensive
Disorders During Pregnancy. National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence: Guidance. London, 2010.
35. Thorley KJ, McAinsh J, Cruickshank JM. Atenolol in the treatment
of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Br J Clin Pharmacol
1981;
12
(5):
725–730.
36. Subbaiah M, Sharma V, Kumar S, Rajeshwari S, Kothari SS, Roy KK,
et al.
Heart disease in pregnancy: cardiac and obstetric outcomes.
Arch
Gynecol Obstet
2013;
288
(1): 23–27.
37. Rollins NC, Coovadia HM, Bland RM, Coutsoudis A, Bennish ML,
Patel D,
et al.
Pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected and uninfected
women in rural and urban South Africa.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
2007;
44
(3): 321–328.
38. Goya M, Casellas M, Merced C, Pijuan-Domenech A, Galian L, Dos L,
et al
. Predictors of obstetric complications in women with heart disease.
J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med
2016;
29
(14): 2306–2311.