Cardiovascular Journal of Africa: Vol 27 No 3 (May/June 2016)

54 / 102

CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 27, No 3, May/June 2016 176 AFRICA
15. Treasure T, Valencia O, Sherlaw-Johnson C, Gallivan S. Surgical perfor-
mance measurement. Health Care Manag Sci 2002; 5: 243–248.
16. Swart MJ. 2014. ‘n Narratiewe refleksie op negatiewe koronêre vatom-
leidingsoperasie-uitkomste: die spirituele belewenis van ‘n chirurg.
(Unpublished PhD thesis). University of the Free State, South Africa.
17. Gerkin CV. The Living Human Document. Nashville: Abingdon Press,
1984: 37.
18. Nouwen HJM. Reaching out. Great Britain: Fount Paperbacks, 1998:
17, 38, 39.
19. Nashef SAM, Roques F, Sharples LD, Nilsson J, Smith C, Goldstone
AR, et al. EuroSCORE II. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 41: 1–12.
20. Koch CG, Li L, Duncan AI, Mihaljevic T, Cosgrove DM, Loop FD,
et al. Morbidity and mortality risk associated with red blood cell and
blood-component transfusion in isolated coronary artery bypass graft-
ing. Crit Care Med 2006; 34(6): 1608–1616.
21. Shroyer ALW, Coombs LP, Peterson ED, Eiken MC, DeLong, ER, Chen
A, et al. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons: 30-day operative mortality
and morbidity risk models. Ann Thorac Surg 2003; 75: 1856–1865.
22. Shahian DM, O’Brien SM, Filardo G, Ferraris VA, Haan CK, Rich
JB, et al . The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk
models: Part 1 – Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Ann Thorac
Surg (Supplement) 2009; 88(1): S1–S62.
23. Roques F, Nashef SAM, Michel P, Gauducheau E, De Vincentiis C,
Baudet E, et al. Risk factors and outcome in European cardiac surgery:
analysis of the EuroSCORE multinational database of 19030 patients.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15: 816–823.
24. Miyata H, Motomura N, Murakami A, Takamoto S. Effect of bench-
marking projects on outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery:
Challenges and prospects regarding the quality improvement initiative.
J Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143: 1364–1369.
25. Jones RH, Hannan EL, Hammermeister KE, DeLong ER, O’Connor
GT, Luepker RV, et al. Identification of preoperative variables needed
for risk adjustment of short-term mortality after coronary artery bypass
graft surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28(6): 1478–1487.
26. Browning DS. A Fundamental Practical Theology: Descriptive and
Strategic Proposals. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996: 11.
27. Anyanwu AC, Treasure T. Unrealistic expectations arising from mortal-
ity data reported in the cardiothoracic journals. J Thorac Cardiovasc
Surg 2002; 123: 16–20.
28. Burack JH, Impellizzeri P, Homel P, Cunningham JN. Public report-
ing of surgical mortality: A survey of New York state cardiothoracic
surgeons. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68: 1195–1202.
29. Glasz T, Frenken M, Knieriem H-J, Krian A. Mechanisms of death in
the early postoperative period following coronary artery bypass graft-
ing for acquired heart disease. A clinicopathological study of 32 cases.
Virchows Arch 2003; 443: 528–535.
30. Shannon FL, Fazzalari FL, Theurer PF, Bell GF, Sutcliffe KM, Prager
RL. A method to evaluate cardiac surgery mortality: Phase of care
mortality analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93: 36–43.
31. Ried M, Lunz D, Kobuch R, Rupprecht L, Keyser A, Hilker M, et al .
Gender’s impact on outcome in coronary surgery with minimized extra-
corporeal circulation. Clin Res Cardiol 2012; 101(6): 437–444.
32. Launcelott S, Ouzounian M, Buth KJ, Légaré J-F. Predicting in-hospital
mortality after redo cardiac operations: Development of a preoperative
scorecard. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94: 778–784.
33. Vivacqua A, Koch CG, Yousuf AM, Nowicki ER, Houghtaling PL,
Blackstone EH, et al. Morbidity of bleeding after cardiac surgery: Is it
blood transfusion, reoperation for bleeding, or both? Ann Thorac Surg
2011; 91: 1780–1790.
34. Waldén K, Jeppsson A, Nasic S, Backlund E, Karlsson M. Low preop-
erative fibrinogen plasma concentration is associated with excessive
bleeding after cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 97: 1199–1206.
35. Motomura N, Miyata H, Tsukihara H, Okada M, Takamoto S. First
report on 30-day and operative mortality in risk model of isolated
coronary artery bypass grafting in Japan. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86:
1866–1872.
36. Garcia S, Ko B, Adabag S. Contrast-induced nephropathy and risk of
acute kidney injury and mortality after cardiac operations. Ann Thorac
Surg 2012; 94: 772–777.
37. Duca DD, Iqbal S, Rahme E, Goldberg P, De Varennes B. Renal failure
after cardiac surgery: Timing of cardiac catheterization and other peri-
operative risk factors. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84(4): 1264–1271.
38. Puskas JD, Winston AD, Wright CE, Gott JP, Brown WM, Craver
JM, et al. Stroke after coronary artery operation: Incidence, correlates,
outcome, and cost. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69: 1053–1056.
39. Eklund AM, Lyytikäinen O, Klemets P, Huotari K, Anttila V-J,
Werkhala KA, et al. Mediastinitis after more than 10 000 cardiac surgi-
cal procedures. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 82: 1784–1789.
40. Swart MJ, Arndt J, Badenhorst P, Langenhoven L, van der Walt J,
Joubert G. Die sesweke-ondersoek ná koronêre vatchirurgie: Bevindinge
by Bloemfontein Medi-Clinic Hospitaal. S Afr Fam Pract 2005; 47(3):
61–64.
41. Gogbashian A, Sedrakyan A, Treasure T. EuroSCORE: a systematic
review of international performance. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004; 25:
695–700.
42. Ahmed EO, Butler R, Novick RJ. Failure-to-rescue as a measure of
quality of care in a cardiac surgery recovery unit: a five-year study. Ann
Thorac Surg 2014; 97: 147–152.
43. Waaijman K. Spirituality. Forms, Foundations, Methods. Leuven: Peters,
2002: 456, 457.