24 / 80
CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 28, No 3, May/June 2017
158
AFRICA
5.
Del Rinco´n ID, Williams K, Stern MP, Freeman GL, Escalante A.
High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort
not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors.
Arthritis Rheum
2001;
44
: 2737–2745.
6.
Akcay A, Acar G, Sayarlioglu M, Sokmen A, Kaya H, Ispiroglu M,
et
al
. QT dispersion and transmural dispersion of repolarization in patients
with familial Mediterranean fever.
Mod Rheumatol
2009;
19
: 550–555.
7.
Kaya EB, Yorgun H, Akdogan A, Ates AH, Canpolat U, Sunman H,
et
al.
Heart-rate recovery index is impaired in Behcet’s disease.
Tex Heart
Inst J
2009;
36
: 282–286.
8.
RozenbaumM, Naschitz JE, Yudashkin M, Rosner I, Sabo E, Shaviv N,
et al
. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in familial Mediterranean
fever.
J Rheumatol
2002;
29
: 987–989.
9.
Antzelevitch C, Shimizu W, Yan GX, Sicouri S. Cellular basis for QT
dispersion.
J Electrocardiol
1998;
30
: 168–175.
10. Kors JA, Ritsema van Eck HJ, van Herpen G. The meaning of the Tp-Te
interval and its diagnostic value.
J Electrocardiol
2008;
41
: 575–580.
11. Castro Hevia J, Antzelevitch C, Tornes Barzaga F, Dorantes Sánchez
M, Dorticós Balea F, Zayas Molina R,
et al.
Tpeak-Tend and Tpeak-
Tend dispersion as risk factors for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular
fibrillation in patients with the Brugada syndrome.
J Am Coll Cardiol
2006;
47
: 1828–1834.
12. Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zemer D, Zaks D, Kees S, Lidar T,
et al.
Criteria
for the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever.
Arthritis Rheum
1997;
40
: 1879–1885.
13. Bazett H. An analysis of the time relations of electrocardiograms.
Heart
1920;
7
: 353–355.
14. Tatlisu MA, Özcan KS, Güngör B, Ekmekçi A, Çekirdekçi EI,
Aru
ğ
arslan E,
et al
. Can the T-peak to T-end interval be a predictor
of mortality inpatients with ST elevation myocardial infarction?
Coron
Artery Dis
2014;
25
: 399–404.
15. Antzelevitch C, Sicouri S, Di Diego JM, Burashnikov A, Viskin S,
Shimizu W,
et al
. Does Tpeak-Tend provide an index of transmural
dispersion of repolarization?
Heart Rhythm
2007;
4
: 1114–1116.
16. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka
PA,
et al
. Recommendations for chamber quantification: A report from
the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards
Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed
in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a
branch of the European Society of Cardiology.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2005;
18
: 1440–1463.
17. Uslu AU, Deveci K, Korkmaz S, Aydin B, Senel S, Sancaktar E,
et al.
Is neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio associated with subclinical inflammation
and amyloidosis in patients with familial Mediterranean fever?
Biomed
Res Int
2013;
2013
: 185317.
18. Lachmann HJ,
Ş
engul B, Yavuz
ş
en TU, Booth SE, Bybee A, Gallimore
JR,
et al.
Clinical and subclinical inflammation in patients with familial
Mediterranean fever and in heterozygous carriers of MEFV mutations.
Rheumatology
2006;
45
: 746–750.
19. Doria A, Iaccarino L, Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Turriel M, Petri M.
Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Lupus
2005;
14
:
683–686.
20. Sun JP, Khan MA, Farhat AZ, Bahler RC. Alterations in cardiac dias-
tolic function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Int J Cardiol
1992;
37
: 65–72.
21. Ikonomidis I, Lekakis J, Stamatelopoulos K, Markomihelakis N,
Kaklamanis PG, Mavrikakis M. Aortic elastic properties and left
ventricular diastolic function in patients with Adamantiades Behcet’s
disease.
J Am Coll Cardiol
2004;
43
: 1075–1081.
22. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s.
Nature
1993;
362
: 801–809.
23. Akdo
ğ
an A, Calguneri M, Yavuz B, Arslan EB, Kalyoncu U,
Ş
ahiner
L,
et al
. Are familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients at increased
risk for atherosclerosis? Impaired endothelial function and increased
intima media thickness are found in FMF.
J Am Coll Cardiol
2006;
48
:
2351–2353.
24. Caliskan M, Gullu H, Yilmaz S, Erdogan D, Unler GK, Ciftci O,
et al.
Impaired coronary microvascular function in familial Mediterranean
fever.
Atherosclerosis
2007;
195
: 161–167.
25. Neunteufl T, Heher S, Katzenschlager R, Wölfl G, Kostner K, Maurer
G,
et al.
Late prognostic value of flow-mediated dilatation in the brachi-
al artery of patients with chest pain.
Am J Cardiol
2000;
86
: 207–210.
26. Seferovic PM, Ristic AD, Maksimovic R,
et al
. Cardiac arrhyth-
mias and conduction disturbances in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Rheumatology
2006;
45
: 39–42.
27. Fidanci K, Gulgun M, Demirkaya E, Acikel C, Kilic A, Gok F,
et al
. Assessment of autonomic functions in children with familial
Mediterranean fever by using heart rate variability measurements.
Int J
Rheum Dis
2014. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12401.
28. Canpolat U, Dural M, Aytemir K, Akdo
ğ
an A, Kaya EB, Sahiner L.
Evaluation of various cardiac autonomic indices in patients with famil-
ial Mediterranean fever on colchicine treatment.
Auton Neurosci
2012;
167
: 70–74.
29. Smetana P, Schmidt A, Zabel M, Hnatkova K, Franz M, Huber K,
et al
.
Assessment of repolarization heterogeneity for prediction of mortality in
cardiovascular disease: peak to the end of the T wave interval and nondi-
polar repolarization components.
J Electrocardiol
2011;
44
: 301–308.
30. Trinkley KE, Page RL, Lien H, Yamanouye K, Tisdale JE. QT interval
prolongation and the risk of torsades de pointes: Essentials for clini-
cians.
Curr Med Res Opin
2013;
29
: 1719–1726.
31. Ozturk S, Karaman K, Cetin M, Erdem A. Polymorphic ventricular
tachycardia (Torsades de pointes) due to licorice root tea.
Arch Turk Soc
Cardio
2013;
41
: 241–244.
32. Acar GR, Akkoyun M, Nacar AB,
et al.
Evaluation of Tpe interval
and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Arch Turk Soc
Cardio
2014:
42
: 29–34.
33. Giese A, Ornek A, Kurucay M, Kara K, Wittkowski H, Gohar F,
et al
.
P wave dispersion and QT dispersion in adult Turkish migrants with
familial mediterranean fever living in Germany.
Int J Med Sci
2014;
11
:
1140–1146.
34. Guntekin U, Gumrukcuoglu HA, Gunes Y, Gunes A, Simsek H, Sahin
M,
et al.
The effects of perindopril on QT duration and dispersion in
patients with coronary slow flow.
Heart Vessels
2011;
26
: 357–362.
35. Buja G, Miorelli M, Turrini P, Melacini P, Nava A. Comparison of QT
dispersion in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy between patients with and
without ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.
Am J Cardiol
1993;
72
: 973–976.
36. Day CP, McComb JM, Campbell RW. QT dispersion: an indication of
arrhythmia risk in patients with long QT intervals.
Br Heart J
1990;
63
:
342–344.
37. Avci A, Demir K, Altunkeser BB, Yilmaz S, Yilmaz A, Ersecgin A,
et
al.
Assessment of Inhomogeneities of repolarization in patients with
systemic lupus erythematosus.
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol
2014;
19
:
374–382.
38. Gupta P, Patel C, Patel H, Narayanaswamy S, Malhotra B Green JT,
et al
. T(p-e]/QT ratio as an index of arrhythmogenesis.
J Electrocardiol
2008;
41
: 567–574.
39. Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Ino H, Terai H, Uchiyama K, Oe K,
et al.
T wave peak-to-end interval and QT dispersion in acquired long QT
syndrome: a new index for arrhythmogenicity.
Clin Sci
2003;
105
: 671–676.