56 / 62
CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 31, No 1, January/February 2020
54
AFRICA
303
(10): 933–935.
20. Leibbrandt M, Woolard I, de Villiers L.
Methodology: Report on NIDS
Wave 1. NIDS Technical Paper, No. 1.
Cape Town: Southern Africa
Labour and Development Research Unit (SALDRU), 2009.
21. Ardington C, Case A. Health: Analysis of the NIDS Wave 1 Dataset.
Discussion paper No. 2
. Cape Town: Southern Africa Labour and
Development Research Unit (SALDRU), 2009.
22. Kandala N-B, Tigbe W, Manda SOM, Stranges S. Geographic variation
of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of South Africa.
Am J Hypertens
2013;
26
(3): 382–391.
23. Ntuli ST, Alberts M, Choma S, Dikotope S, Maimela E. Prevalence
and associated risk factors of hypertension amongst adults in a rural
community of Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Afr J Prim Health Care
and Family Medicine.
2015;7(1):1-5.
24. Maimela E, Alberts M, Modjadji SE,
et al.
The prevalence and determi-
nants of chronic non-communicable disease risk factors amongst adults
in the Dikgale health demographic and surveillance system (HDSS) site,
Limpopo Province of South Africa.
PloS One
2016;
11
(2): e0147926.
25. Mosha NR, Mahande M, Juma A,
et al.
Prevalence, awareness and
factors associated with hypertension in North West Tanzania.
Glob
Health Action
2017;
10
(1): 1321279.
26. Emiloju OC, Chinedu SN, Onuoha MC, Iheagwam FN. Association
between gender, age, body weight and hypertension in Nigeria.
FASEB
J
2017;
31
(1 Suppl): 1011–1020.
27. Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S, Barik A. Sex differences in the risk profile
of hypertension: a cross-sectional study.
BMJ Open
2016;
6
(7): e010085.
28. Amole IO, OlaOlorun AD, Adesina SA, Odeigah LO. The prevalence
of abdominal obesity and hypertension amongst adults in Ogbomoso,
Nigeria.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med
2011;
3
(1): 1–5.
29. Skliros EA, Papadodima SA, Sotiropoulos A, Xipnitos C, Kollias A,
Spiliopoulou CA. Relationship between alcohol consumption and
control of hypertension among elderly Greeks. The Nemea primary care
study.
Hellenic J Cardiol
2012;
53
(1): 26–32.
30. Sesso HD, Cook NR, Buring JE, Manson JE, Gaziano JM. Alcohol
consumption and the risk of hypertension in women and men.
Hypertension
2008;
51
(4): 1080–1087.
31. Sampson UK, Edwards TL, Jahangir E,
et al
. Factors associated with
the prevalence of hypertension in the southeastern United States:
insights from 69,211 blacks and whites in the Southern Community
Cohort Study.
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes
2014;
7
(1): 33
–
54.
32. Chen Q, Wang J, Tian J,
et al
. Association between ambient temperature
and blood pressure and blood pressure regulators: 1831 hypertensive
patients followed up for three years.
PloS One
2013;
8
(12): e84522.
33. Aubinière-Robb L, Jeemon P, Hastie CE,
et al.
Blood pressure response
to patterns of weather fluctuations and effect on mortality.
Hypertension
2013: 62(1): 190–196.
34. Mitchell R, Blane D, Bartley M. Elevated risk of high blood pres-
sure: climate and the inverse housing law.
Int J Epidemiol
2002;
31
(4):
831–838.
35. Brook RD, Shin HH, Bard RL,
et al
. Can Personal exposures to higher
nighttime and early‐morning temperatures increase blood pressure?
J
Clin Hypertens
2011;
13
(12): 881–888.
36. Cois A, Ehrlich R. Socioeconomic status modifies the seasonal effect
on blood pressure: Findings from a national panel study.
Medicine
(Baltimore) 2015;
94
(35): e1389.
37. Al‐Tamer YY, Al‐Hayali JM, Al‐Ramadhan EA. Seasonality of hyper-
tension.
J Clin Hypertens
2008;
10
(2): 125–129.
38. Sinha P, Taneja D, Singh N, Saha R. Seasonal variation in prevalence
of hypertension: Implications for interpretation.
Ind J Public Hlth
2010;
54
(1): 7.
39. Hasumi T, Jacobsen KH. Hypertension in South African adults: results
of a nationwide survey.
J Hypertens
2012;
30
(11): 2098–2104.
40. World Health Organization. The world health report 2008: primary
health care now more than ever. Geneva: World Health Organization,
2008.
41. Ooms G, Brolan C, Eggermont N,
et al.
Universal health coverage
anchored in the right to health. In: SciELO Public Health, 2013.
42. Evans DB, Etienne C. Health systems financing and the path to univer-
sal coverage. In: SciELO Public Health, 2010.
43. Murthy GV, Fox S, Sivasubramaniam S,
et al
. Prevalence and risk
factors for hypertension and association with ethnicity in Nigeria:
results from a national survey.
Cardiovasc J Afr
2013;
24
(9): 344.
44. Mathenge W, Foster A, Kuper H. Urbanization, ethnicity and cardio-
vascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: a popula-
tion-based survey.
BMC Public Hlth
2010;
10
(1): 569.
45. Cooper R, Rotimi C, Ataman S,
et al
. The prevalence of hypertension
in seven populations of west African origin.
Am J Public Hlth
1997;
87
(2): 160–168.