Prognostic value of blood lactate values and peripheral perfusion indices in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome

Hüseyin Şahin, Cihan Aydın, Aykut Demirkıran

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential correlations and differences between patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and healthy controls. Emphasis was placed on examining the relationship between their arterial blood gas pH value and arterial blood gas lactate value, as well as assessing the utility of the peripheral perfusion index (PI) in ACS management.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between 1 January 2023 and 1 July 1 2023, involving 60 patients and 30 control subjects in an emergency department (ED). The diagnosis of ACS was confirmed by experienced emergency physicians, and various parameters, such as PI, blood gas, and cardiac biomarker values, were collected.
Results: There were significant differences in the mean age, PI, and lactate levels between the ACS patient group and the control group. A strong negative correlation was found between age and PI, and a moderate negative correlation was observed between pH and lactate levels (r = -0.301, p=0.004). The PI in the ACS patient group was significantly lower (1.55 vs. 3.39, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The findings reveal the importance of arterial blood gas pH and lactate values in understanding ACS patient profiles, and emphasise that PI is not currently a suitable non-invasive diagnostic method for diagnosing these patients; however, they may lead to future studies. The negative correlation between pH and lactate levels may offer valuable insights into the risk stratification and treatment strategies for patients with ACS.