CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 26, No 6, November/December 2015
AFRICA
249
injury in the regional ischaemic-reperfused dog heart.
Eur J Clin Invest
1995;
25
: 501–509. PMID:7556368.
15. Hwang DL, Yen CF, Nadler JL
.
Effect of extracellular magnesium
on platelet activation and intracellular calcium mobilization.
Am J
Hypertens
1992;
5
: 700–706. PMID:1418832.
16. Garcia LA, Dejong SC, Martin SM, Smith RS, Buettner GR, Kerber
RE. Magnesium reduces free radicals in an in vivo coronary occlusion-
reperfusion model.
J AmColl Cardiol
1998;
32
: 536–539. PMID:9708488.
17. Miyoshi K, Taniguchi M, Seki S, Mochizuki S
.
Effects of magnesium
and its mechanism on the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias follow-
ing severe ischemia in isolated rat hearts.
Cardiovasc Drugs Ther
2000;
14
: 625–633. PMID:11300363.
18. Mubagwa K, Gwanyanya A, Zakharov S, Macianskiene R
.
Regulation
of cation channels in cardiac and smooth muscle cells by intracellular
magnesium.
Arch Biochem Biophys
2007;
458
: 73–89. PMID:17123458.
19. Jin Y-T, Hasebe N, Matsusaka T, Natori S, Ohta T, Tsuji S
, et al.
Magnesium attenuates isoproterenol-induced acute cardiac dysfunction
and beta-adrenergic desensitization.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol
2007;
292
: H1593–1599. PMID:17114241.
20. Altura BM, Altura BT, Carella A, Gebrewold A, Murakawa T, Nishio
A. Mg
2+
–Ca
2+
interaction in contractility of vascular smooth muscle:
Mg
2+
versus organic calcium channel blockers on myogenic tone
and agonist-induced responsiveness of blood vessels.
Can J Physiol
Pharmacol
1987;
65
: 729–745. PMID:3300911.
21. Alberty RA, Goldberg RN
.
Standard thermodynamic formation prop-
erties for the adenosine 5’-triphosphate series.
Biochemistry
1992;
31
:
10610–10615. PMID:1420176.
22. Bazargan M, Faghihi M, Chitsaz M
.
Importance of timing of magne-
sium administration in the isolated ischemic-reperfused rat heart: role
of K(ATP) channels.
Physiol Res
2008;
57
: 839–846. PMID:18052684.
23. Faghihi M, Sukhodub A, Jovanovic S, Jovanovic A
.
Mg
2+
protects adult
beating cardiomyocytes against ischaemia.
Int J Mol Med
2008;
21
:
69-73. PMID:18097618.
24. Woods KL
.
Possible pharmacological actions of magnesium in
acute myocardial infarction.
Br J Clin Pharmacol
1991;
32
: 3–10.
PMID:1888638.
25. Mirica SN, Duicu OM, Trancota SL, Fira-Mladinescu O, Angoulvant
D, Muntean DM
.
Magnesium orotate elicits acute cardioprotection at
reperfusion in isolated and in vivo rat hearts.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol
2013;
91
: 108–115. PMID:23458194.
26. Shechter M
.
Magnesium and cardiovascular system.
Magnes Res
2010;
23
: 60–72. PMID:20353903.
27. Mukherjee D, Roy SG, Bandyopadhyay A, Chattopadhyay A, Basu
A, Mitra E
, et al.
Melatonin protects against isoproterenol-induced
myocardial injury in the rat: antioxidative mechanisms.
J Pineal Res
2010;
48
: 251–262. PMID:20210856.
28. Selvaraj P, Pugalendi KV
.
Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside, on lipid
peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental myocardial ischem-
ic rats.
Redox Rep
2010;
15
: 217–223. PMID:21062537.
29. Hori M, Sato H, Kitakaze M, Iwai K, Takeda H, Inoue M
, et al.
Beta-adrenergic stimulation disassembles microtubules in neonatal rat
cultured cardiomyocytes through intracellular Ca
2+
overload.
Circ Res
1994;
75
: 324–334. PMID:7518364.
30. Communal C, Singh K, Pimentel DR, Colucci WS
.
Norepinephrine
stimulates apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes by activation
of the beta-adrenergic pathway.
Circulation
1998;
98
: 1329–1334.
PMID:9751683.
31. Romani A, Marfella C, Scarpa A
.
Regulation of magnesium uptake and
release in the heart and in isolated ventricular myocytes.
Circ Res
1993;
72
: 1139–1148. PMID:8495544.
32. Young L, Bercute-Dammann A, Weis MT
.
Mg
2+
efflux from the isolated
perfused rabbit heart is mediated by two states of the beta1-adrenergic
receptor.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol
2002;
366
: 431–439.
PMID:12382072.
33. Vormann J, Fischer G, Classen HG, Thoni H
.
Influence of decreased
and increased magnesium supply on the cardiotoxic effects of epineph-
rine in rats.
Arzneimittelforschung
1983;
33
: 205–210. PMID:6682658.
34. Arteaga de Murphy C, Ferro-Flores G, Villanueva-Sanchez O, Murphy-
Stack E, Pedraza-López M, Meléndez-Alafort L
, et al.
99mTc-glucarate
for detection of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
Int
J Pharm
2002;
233
: 29–34. PMID:11897407.
35. Sameshima H, Ota A, Ikenoue T
.
Pretreatment with magnesium sulfate
protects against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but postasphyxial treat-
ment worsens brain damage in seven-day-old rats.
Am J Obstet Gynecol
1999;
180
: 725–730. PMID:10076154.
36. Esterbauer H
.
Estimation of peroxidative damage. A critical review.
Pathologie-biologie
1996;
44
: 25–28. PMID:8734296.
37. Jentzsch AM, Bachmann H, Fürst P, Biesalski HK
.
Improved analysis
of malondialdehyde in human body fluids.
Free Radic Biol Med
1996;
20
: 251–256. PMID:8746446.
38. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD
.
Universal definition of myocardial
infarction.
Eur Heart J
2007;
28
: 2525–2538. PMID:17951287.
39. Pfeffer MA, Pfeffer JM, Fishbein MC, Fletcher PJ, Spadaro J, Kloner
RA
, et al.
Myocardial infarct size and ventricular function in rats.
Circ
Res
1979;
44
: 503–512. PMID:428047.
40. Euser AG, Bullinger L, Cipolla MJ
.
Magnesium sulphate treatment
decreases blood-brain barrier permeability during acute hypertension in
pregnant rats.
Exp Physiol
2008;
93
: 254–261. PMID:17933863.
41. Kusniec F, Fischer G, Sela BA, Ashkenazy Y, Feigel D, Moshonov
S
, et al.
Magnesium protects against anaphylactic shock and cardiac
myolysis in guinea-pigs.
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol
1994;
5
: 45–58.
PMID:8736070.
42. Li H, Xie Y-H, Yang Q, Wang S-W, Zhang B-L, Wang J-B
, et al.
Cardioprotective effect of paeonol and danshensu combination on
isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats.
PLoS One
2012;
7
:
e48872. PMID:23139821.
43. Farraj AK, Hazari MS, Cascio WE
.
The utility of the small rodent
electrocardiogram in toxicology.
Toxicol Sci
2011;
121
: 11–30.
PMID:21278051.
44. Suzuki N, Tanabe K, Osada N, Yamamoto A, Nakayama M, Yokoyama
Y
, et al.
Magnesium dynamics and relation to left ventricular func-
tion in acute myocardial infarction.
Jpn Circ J
2000;
64
: 377–381.
PMID:10834454.
45. Radhiga T, Rajamanickam C, Sundaresan A, Ezhumalai M, Pugalendi
KV
.
Effect of ursolic acid treatment on apoptosis and DNA damage
in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.
Biochimie
2012;
94
:
1135–1142. PMID:22289617.
46. Röth E, Török B, Zsoldos T, Matkovics B
.
Lipid peroxidation and scav-
enger mechanism in experimentally induced heart infarcts.
Basic Res
Cardiol
1985;
80
: 530–536. PMID:4074287.
47. Anandan R, Ganesan B, Obulesu T, Mathew S, Kumar RS, Lakshmanan
PT
, et al.
Dietary chitosan supplementation attenuates isoprenaline-
induced oxidative stress in rat myocardium.
Int J Biol Macromol
2012;
51
: 783–787. PMID:22829055.
48. Wexler BC
.
Isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in spontaneous-
ly hypertensive rats.
Cardiovasc Res
1979;
13
: 450–458. PMID:487383.
49. Teerlink JR, Pfeffer JM, Pfeffer MA
.
Progressive ventricular remodeling
in response to diffuse isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats.
Circ Res
1994;
75
: 105–113. PMID:8013068.