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CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 27, No 5, September/October 2016
AFRICA
311
patient group. Longitudinal and transverse strain and strain rate
measurements from four and two chambers and the apical long-
axis views are shown in Table 6.
Two chambers: there were no statistically significant differences
foundbetweenthetwogroupsforthemostnegativepeaklongitudinal
strain (SLSC peak G), negative systolic peak longitudinal strain
(SLSC peak S), positive systolic peak longitudinal strain (SLSC
peak P), the most negative peak transverse strain (STSR peak
G), end-systolic longitudinal strain [STSR (ES)] and end-systolic
longitudinal displacement [DLDC (ES)].
End-systolic longitudinal strain [SLSC (ES)] and positive peak
transverse strain (STSR peak P) were statistically significantly
lower in the patient group (
p
<
0.05). Segmental analysis showed
statistically significantly lower values of end-systolic longitudinal
strain [SLSC (ES)] of the mid-anterior and basal anterior
segments (
p
<
0.05) in the patient group. The most negative peak
longitudinal strain (SLSC peak S) value was –18.00
±
3.33 in
the mid-anterior segment of the patient group and –14.9723
±
6.23886 in the mid-anterior segment of the control group (
p
<
0.05) (Tables 7, 8).
Apical long-axis (APLAX): there were no statistically
significant differences found between the two groups for the
most negative peak longitudinal strain (SLSC peak G), negative
systolic peak longitudinal strain (SLSC peak S), positive systolic
peak longitudinal strain (SLSC peak P), the most negative peak
transverse strain (STSR peak G), end-systolic longitudinal strain
[STSR (ES)], end-systolic longitudinal displacement [DLDC
Table 5. Longitudinal and transverse strain and strain rate values
according to segment from the four-chamber view
Strain according to
segment
Patients (
n
=
21)
(mean
±
SD)
Controls (
n
=
20)
(mean
±
SD)
p
-value
SLSC peak G (%)
Basal septal
–21.07
±
2.32
–21.46
±
2.62
0.57
Mid-septal
–20.52
±
2.20
–20.67
±
2.17
0.80
Apical septal
–17.56
±
3.72
–18.20
±
3.70
0.54
Apical lateral
–15.56
±
4.59
–16.91
±
3.75
0.26
Mid-lateral
–14.42
±
4.35
–15.89
±
4.24
0.23
Basal lateral
–14.10
±
5.66
–14.07
±
5.44
0.98
SLSC peak S (%)
Basal septal
–20.74
±
2.50
–21.26
±
2.67
0.47
Mid-septal
–20.40
±
2.27
–20.56
±
2.22
0.79
Apical septal
–17.04
±
3.72
–17.57
±
3.93
0.62
Apical lateral
–15.30
±
4.60
–16.67
±
3.93
0.26
Mid-lateral
–13.96
±
4.70
–15.58
±
4.26
0.20
Basal lateral
–12.79
±
6.79
–12.42
±
7.98
0.86
SLSC peak P (%)
Basal septal
0.29
±
0.47
0.26
±
0.41
0.83
Mid-septal
0.07
±
0.29
0.03
±
0.09
0.48
Apical septal
0.25
±
1.29
0.08
±
0.31
0.53
Apical lateral
0.23
±
1.20
0.001
±
0.03
0.35
Mid-lateral
0.38
±
0.72
0.22
±
0.55
0.38
Basal lateral
2.76
±
5.00
3.11
±
4.03
0.78
STSR peak P (%)
Basal septal
32.31
±
18.40
37.90
±
20.18
0.30
Mid-septal
26.00
±
15.45
31.24
±
14.79
0.22
Apical septal
21.90
±
14.32
26.700
±
11.13
0.19
Apical lateral
19.82
±
14.28
25.82
±
14.04
0.14
Mid-lateral
20.38
±
14.76
27.33
±
17.61
0.13
Basal lateral
22.64
±
17.76
31.21
±
21.17
0.012
STSR peak G (%)
Basal septal
–20.53
±
2.50
–21.12
±
2.68
0.42
Mid-septal
–20.32
±
2.26
–20.51
±
2.17
0.76
Apical septal
–16.95
±
3.81
–17.49
±
3.86
0.61
Apical lateral
–15.14
±
4.72
–16.53
±
3.90
0.26
Mid-lateral
–13.66
±
5.11
–15.44
±
4.29
0.18
Basal lateral
–11.58
±
9.45
–12.64
±
6.89
0.17
SLSC (ES) (%)
Basal septal
28.43
±
20.12
35.12
±
21.41
0.25
Mid-septal
23.91
±
16.32
30.12
±
15.08
0.16
Apical septal
20.64
±
14.76
26.02
±
11.08
0.15
Apical lateral
18.58
±
14.74
24.56
±
14.35
0.15
Mid-lateral
17.53
±
16.27
24.30
±
18.47
0.17
Basal lateral
16.90
±
21.08
24.79
±
22.54
0.69
STSR (ES) (%)
Basal septal
12.14
±
2.18
12.18
±
2.69
0.95
Mid-septal
6.64
±
1.52
6.73
±
2.23
0.87
Apical septal
1.60
±
0.74
1.81
±
1.25
0.45
Apical lateral
2.88
±
1.32
2.78
±
0.96
0.77
Mid-lateral
7.23
±
2.47
7.46
±
1.34
0.69
Basal lateral
11.06
±
3.50
11.33
±
2.27
0.66
DLDC (ES) (mm)
Basal septal
1.85
±
1.74
3.16
±
1.89
0.014
Mid-septal
1.97
±
1.34
2.81
±
1.85
0.06
Apical septal
1.55
±
1.06
2.01
±
1.15
0.14
Apical lateral
1.89
±
0.91
2.05
±
0.59
0.46
Mid-lateral
3.66
±
1.26
3.52
±
1.073
0.66
Basal lateral
5.97
±
1.77
5.51
±
1.64
0.35
SLSC peak G: the most negative peak longitudinal strain, SLSC peak S: negative
systolic peak longitudinal strain, SLSC peak P: positive systolic peak longitudinal
strain, SLSC (ES): end-systolic longitudinal strain, STSR peak P: positive peak
transverse strain, STSR peak G: the most negative peak transverse strain, STSR
(ES): end-systolic longitudinal strain, DLDC (ES): end-systolic longitudinal
displacement.
Table 6. Longitudinal and transverse strain and
strain rate measurements from the four- and
two-chamber, and apical long-axis views
Strain according to
segment
Patients (
n
=
21)
(mean
±
SD)
Controls (
n
=
20)
(mean
±
SD)
p
-value
Four-chamber view
SLSC peak G (%)
–17.21
±
4.82
–17.87
±
4.55
0.22
SLSC peak S (%)
–16.70
±
5.27
–17.34
±
5.39
0.29
SLSC peak P (%)
0.66
±
2.36
0.62
±
1.99
0.84
STSR peak P (%)
23.84
±
16.25
30.03
±
17.05
0.001
STSR peak G (%)
–16.36
±
6.11
–17.29
±
5.08
0.15
SLSC (ES) (%)
21.00
±
17.61
27.49
±
17.75
0.002
STSR (ES) (%)
6.93
±
4.41
7.05
±
4.32
0.80
DLDC (ES) (mm)
2.819
±
2.08
3.180
±
1.84
0.11
Two-chamber view
SLSC peak G (%)
–18.73
±
5.44
–17.56
±
7.24
0.13
SLSC peak S (%)
–18.46
±
5.48
–17.34
±
7.54
0.16
SLSC peak P (%)
0.38
±
0.87
0.72
±
2.03
0.07
STSR peak P (%)
25.55
±
18.21
31.68
±
17.63
0.005
STSR peak G (%)
–18.32
±
5.42
–17.23
±
7.51
0.16
SLSC (ES) (%)
20.46
±
19.14
29.17
±
18.67
0.001
STSR (ES) (%)
7.25
±
5.11
6.72
±
5.25
0.40
DLDC (ES) (mm)
3.44
±
2.25
3.35
±
2.23
0.73
Apical long-axis view (APLAX)
SLSC peak G (%)
–17.73
±
5.92
–17.18
±
5.36
0.36
SLSC peak S (%)
–17.38
±
5.84
–16.97
±
5.43
0.49
SLSC peak P (%)
0.62
±
3.76
0.54
±
1.18
0.80
STSR peak P (%)
24.15
±
1.92
26.40
±
20.12
0.32
STSR peak G (%)
–17.21
±
6.08
–16.84
±
5.45
0.55
SLSC (ES) (%)
20.02
±
22.72
23.04
±
21.12
0.20
STSR (ES) (%)
7.35
±
5.11
6.85
±
4.52
0.33
DLDC (ES) (mm)
2.71
±
2.10
2.68
±
1.69
0.89
SLSC peak G: the most negative peak longitudinal strain, SLSC peak S: negative
systolic peak longitudinal strain, SLSC peak P: positive systolic peak longitudinal
strain, SLSC (ES): end-systolic longitudinal strain, STSR peak P: positive peak
transverse strain, STSR peak G: the most negative peak transvers strain, STSR
(ES): end-systolic longitudinal strain, DLDC (ES): end-systolic longitudinal
displacement (mm).