51 / 76
CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 28, No 2, March/April 2017
AFRICA
117
16. Picard MH., Adams D, Bierig SM, Dent JM, Douglas PS, Gillam LD,
et
al.
American Society of Echocardiography recommendations for quality
echocardiography laboratory operations.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr
2011;
24
(1): 1–10.
17. Masani N, Allen J, Chambers J.
Echocardiography: Guidelines for
Chamber Quantification
. London: British Society of Echocardiography,
2010.
18. Stewart S, Wilkinson D, Hansen C, Vaghela V, Mvungi R, McMurray
J,
et al
. Predominance of heart failure in the Heart of Soweto Study
cohort emerging challenges for urban African communities.
Circulation
2008;
118
(23): 2360–2367.
19. Hibbard JU, Lindheimer M, Lang RM. A modified definition for
peripartum cardiomyopathy and prognosis based on echocardiography.
Obstet Gynecol
1999;
94
(2): 311–316.
20. Sliwa K, Carrington MJ, Becker A, Thienemann F, Ntsekhe M, Stewart
S. Contribution of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immu-
nodeficiency syndrome epidemic to
de novo
presentations of heart
disease in the Heart of Soweto Study cohort.
Eur Heart J
2012;
33
(7):
866–874.
21. Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K, Drexler H, Follath F, Harjola
V-P,
et al
. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospital-
ized acute heart failure patients: description of population.
Eur Heart J
2006;
27
(22): 2725–2736.
22. Ogah OS, Stewart S, Falase AO, Akinyemi JO, Adegbite GD, Alabi AA,
et al
. Contemporary profile of acute heart failure in southern Nigeria:
Data from the Abeokuta heart failure clinical registry.
J Am Coll
Cardiol: Heart Failure
2014;
2
(3): 250–259.
23. Makubi A, Hage C, Lwakatare J, Kisenge P, Makani J, Rydén L,
et
al
. Contemporary aetiology, clinical characteristics and prognosis of
adults with heart failure observed in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania:
the prospective Tanzania Heart Failure (TaHeF) study.
Heart
2014:
heartjnl-2014-305599.
24. Adams KF, Fonarow GC, Emerman CL, LeJemtel TH, Costanzo
MR, Abraham WT,
et al
. Characteristics and outcomes of patients
hospitalized for heart failure in the United States: rationale, design,
and preliminary observations from the first 100,000 cases in the Acute
Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE).
Am
Heart J
2005;
149
(2): 209–216.
25. Karaye KM, Sani MU. Factors associated with poor prognosis among
patients admitted with heart failure in a Nigerian tertiary medical
centre: a cross-sectional study.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord
2008;
8
(1): 1.
26. World Health Organization, UNAIDS, Global HIV/AIDS response:
epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access:
progress report 2011 [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2011; 233: 2012 [cited
2012 Oct 29].
27. Ntsekhe M, Mayosi BM. Cardiac manifestations of HIV infection:
an African perspective.
Nature
Clin Prac Cardiovasc Med
2009;
6
(2):
120–127.
28. Van Deursen VM, Urso R, Laroche C, Damman K, Dahlström U,
Tavazzi L,
et al.
Co‐morbidities in patients with heart failure: an analysis
of the European Heart Failure Pilot Survey.
Eur J Heart Failure
2014;
16
(1): 103–111.
29. Sliwa K, Förster O, Libhaber E, Fett JD, Sundstrom JB, Hilfiker-
Kleiner D,
et al
. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: inflammatory markers as
predictors of outcome in 100 prospectively studied patients.
Eur Heart
J
2006;
27
(4): 441–446.
30. Isezuo SA, Abubakar SA. Epidemiologic profile of peripartum cardio-
myopathy in a tertiary care hospital.
Ethnicity Dis
2006;
17
(2): 228–233.
31. Kamath SA, Drazner MH, Wynne J, Fonarow GC, Yancy CW.
Characteristics and outcomes in African American patients with decom-
pensated heart failure.
Arch Int Med
2008;
168
(11): 1152–1158.
32. Krumholz HM, Keenan PS, Brush JE, Bufalino VJ, Chernew ME,
Epstein AJ,
et al.
Standards for measures used for public reporting of
efficiency in health care: a scientific statement from the American Heart
Association Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes
Research and the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
J Am
Coll Cardiol
2008;
52
(18): 1518–1526.