CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 31, No 5, September/October 2020
234
AFRICA
literature with a report of 11 new cases.
Chest
1976;
69
: 630–636.
4.
Markis JE, Joffe CD, Cohn PF, Feen DJ, Herman MV, Gorlin R.
Clinical significance of coronary arterial ectasia.
Am J Cardiol
1976;
37
: 217–222.
5.
Maehara A, Mintz GS, Ahmed JM, Fuchs S, Castagna MT, Pichard
AD,
et al
. An intravascular ultrasound classification of angiographic
coronary artery aneurysms.
Am J Cardiol
2001;
88
: 365–370.
6.
Türkmen M, Bitigen A, Esen AM
.
Coronary artery ectasia.
J Med Sci
2006;
26
(1): 68–72.
7.
Adiloglu AK, Can R, Nazli C, Ocal A, Ergene O, Tinaz G,
et al
. Ectasia
and severe atherosclerosis: relationships with chlamydia pneumoniae,
helicobacterpylori, and inflammatory markers.
Tex Heart Inst J
2005;
32
: 21–27.
8.
Yilmaz H, Tayyareci G, Sayar N, Gurkan U, Tangurek B, Asilturk R,
et
al
. Plasma soluble adhesion molecule levels in coronary artery ectasia.
Cardiology
2006;
105
: 176–181.
9.
Yılmaz H, Sayar N, Yılmaz M, Tangürek B , Cakmak N , Gürkan U,
et
al
. Coronary artery ectasia: clinical and angiographical evaluation
.
Arch
Turk Soc Cardiol
2009;
36
(8): 530–535.
10. Güleç S, Atmaca Y, Kilickap M, Akyurek O, Aras O, Oral D.
Angiographic assessment of myocardial perfusion in patients with
isolated coronary artery ectasia.
Am J Cardiol
2003;
91
: 996–999.
11. Horne BD, Anderson JL, John JM, Weaver A, Bair TL, Jensen KR,
et al
. Which white blood cell subtypes predict increased cardiovascular
risk?
J Am Coll Cardiol
2005;
45
(10): 1638–1643.
12. Núñez J, Miñana G, Bodí V, Núñez E, Sanchis J, Husser O,
et al
. Low
lymphocyte count and cardiovascular diseases.
Curr Med Chem
2011;
18
(21): 3226–3233.
13. Demir M, Keceoglu S, Melek M. The relationship between plasma
eosinophil count and coronary artery ectasia.
Cardiol Res
2013;
4
(4–5):
159–164.
14. Ayhan SS, Oztürk S, Erdem A, Ozlü MF, Ozya
ş
ar M, Erdem K,
et al
.
Relation of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio with the presence and severity
of coronary artery ectasia.
Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars
2013;
41
(3): 185–190.
[Article in Turkish].
15. Gibson PH, Cuthbertson BH, Croal BL, Rae D, El-Shafei H, Gibson
G,
et al
. Usefulness of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as predictor of
new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Am J
Cardiol
2010;
105
(2): 186–191.
16. Yang Z, Zhang Z, Lin F, Ren Y, Liu D, Zhong R,
et al
. Comparisons
of neutrophil‐, monocyte‐, eosinophil‐, and basophil‐lymphocyte ratios
among various systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
APMIS
2017;
125
(10): 863–871.
17. Brescia G, Pedruzzi B, Barion U, Cinetto F, Giacomelli L, Martini A,
et al
. Are neutrophil-, eosinophil-, and basophil-to-lymphocyte ratios
useful markers for pinpointing patients at higher risk of recurrent
sinonasal polyps?
Am J Otolaryngol
2016;
37
(4): 339–345.
18. Sasano H, Virmani R, Patterson RH, Robinowitz M, Guccion JG.
Eosinophilic products lead to myocardial damage.
Hum Pathol
1989;
20
(9): 850–857.
19. Wang JG, Mahmud SA, Thompson JA, Geng JG, Key NS, Slungaard
A. The principal eosinophil peroxidase product, HOSCN, is a uniquely
potent phagocyte oxidant inducer of endothelial cell tissue factor activ-
ity: a potential mechanism for thrombosis in eosinophilic inflammatory
states.
Blood
2006;
107
(2): 558–565.
20. Altas Y, Kurtoglu E, Yaylak B, Baysal E, Ucaman B, Ugurlu HM,
et al
.
The relationship between eosinophilia and slow coronary flow.
Ther Clin
Risk Manag
2015;
11
: 1187–1191.
21. Yavuz H, Chee R. A review on the vascular features of the hyperim-
munoglobulin E syndrome.
Clin Exp Immunol
2010;
159
(3): 238
–
244.
22. Ames PR, Margaglione M, Mackie S, Alves JD. Eosinophilia and
thrombophilia in Churg Strauss syndrome: a clinical and pathogenetic
overview.
Clin Appl Thromb Hemost
2010;
16
(6): 628–636.
23. Fuster V, Walsh R, Harrington R. Cardiac catheterization, cardiac angi-
ography and coronary blood flow and pressure measurements.
Hurst’s
The Heart
, 2004: 471–474.
24. Sadr-Ameli M, Sharifi M. The natural history of ectatic coronary artery
disease.
Iranian Heart J
2001;
2
: 12–16.
25. Demopoulos VP, Olympios CD, Fakiolas CN, Pissimissis EG,
Economides NM, Adamopoulou E,
et al
. The natural history of aneu-
rysmal coronary artery disease.
Heart
1997;
78
: 136–41.
26. Rath S, Har-Zahav Y, Battler A, Agranat O, Rotstein Z, Rabinowitz
B,
et al.
Rate of nonobstructive aneurysmatic coronary artery disease;
angiographic and clinical follow up report.
Am Heart J
1985;
109
:
785–791.
27. Mattern AL, Baker WP, McHale JJ, Lee DE. Congenital coronary
aneurysms with angina pectoris and myocardial infarction treated with
saphenous vein bypass graft.
Am J Cardiol
1972;
30
: 906–909.
28. Frithz G, Cullhed I, Bjork L. Congenital localized coronary artery
aneurysm without fistula. Report of a preoperatively diagnosed case.
Am Heart J
1968;
76
: 674–679.
29. Aydın M, Tekin IO, Dogan SM, Yildirim N, Arasli M, Sayin MR,
et al.
The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in patients
with isolated coronary artery ectasia.
Mediators Inflamm
2009;
2009
:
106145–106145.
30. Dogan A, Tuzun N, Turker Y, Selahattin A, Selcuk K, Mehmet O,
et
al
. Matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory markers in coronary
artery ectasia: their relationship to severity of coronary artery ectasia.
Coron Artery Dis
2008;
19
: 559–563.
31. Moosbauer C, Morgenstern E, Cuvelier SL, Manukyan D, Bidzhekov
K, Albrecht S,
et al
. Eosinophils area major intravascular location for
tissue factor storage and exposure.
Blood
2007;
109
(3): 995–1002.
32. Slungaard A, Vercellotti GM, Tran T, Gleich GJ, Key NS. Eosinophil
cationic granule proteins impair thrombomodulin function. A potential
mechanism for thromboembolism in hypereosinophilic heart disease.
J
Clin Invest
1993;
91
(4): 1721–1730.
33. Yoshikawa S, Kayes SG, Parker JC. Eosinophils increase lung microvas-
cular permeability via the peroxidase hydrogen peroxide-halide system.
Bronchoconstriction and vasoconstriction unaffected by eosinophil
peroxidase inhibition.
Am Rev Respir Dis
1993;
147
(4): 914–920.
34. Rodeghiero F, Castaman G, Ruggeri M, Cazzavillan M, Ferracin G,
Dini E. Fibrinolytic studies in 13 unrelated families with factor XII
deficiency.
Haematologica
1991;
76
(1): 28–33
35. Demir M, Sentürk M, Kuzeytemiz M. The relationship between eosino-
phil and cardiac syndrome X.
Clin Appl Thromb Hemost
2013;
21
(4):
325–328.
36. Freeman AF, Holland SM. Clinical manifestations of hyper IgE
syndromes.
Dis Markers
2010;
29
(3–4): 123–130.
37. Puri R, Dundon BK, Leong DP, Khurana S, Worthley MI.
Hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with multiple coronary aneu-
rysms.
Int J Cardiol
2009;
133
(1): e43–45.
38. Nelson DH, Sandberg AA, Palmer JG, Tyler FH. Blood levels of
17-hydroxycorticosteroids following the administration of adrenal ster-
oids and their relation to levels of circulating leukocytes.
J Clin Invest
1952;
31
(9): 843–849.
39. Sudhir K, Ports TA, Amidon TM, Goldberger JJ, Bhushan V, Kane JP,
et al
. Increased prevalence of coronary ectasia in heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolemia.
Circulation
1995;
91
: 1375–1380.
40. Yılmaz M, Kayançiçek H. A new inflammatory marker: elevated mono-
cyte to HDL cholesterol ratio associated with smoking.
J Clin Med