Cardiovascular Journal of Africa: Vol 31 No 2 (March/April 2020)

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CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 31, No 2, March/April 2020 74 AFRICA
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Crucially, the GRS can be measured at any age, including
childhood, as DNA does not change. This means that those
at high risk can be identified much earlier than is possible
through current methods and can be targeted for prevention
with lifestyle changes and, where necessary, medicines. The
GRS is also a one-time test and with the cost of genotyping
to calculate the GRS now less than £40 GBP ($50 USD) it
is within the capability of many health services to provide.
Senior author Professor Sir Nilesh Samani, professor of
cardiology in the University of Leicester’s department of
cardiovascular sciences and medical director at the British
Heart Foundation said: ‘At the moment we assess people for
their risk of coronary heart disease in their 40s through NHS
health checks. But we know this is imprecise and also that
coronary heart disease starts much earlier, several decades
before symptoms develop. Therefore if we are going to do
true prevention, we need to identify those at increased risk
much earlier.
‘This study shows that the GRS can now identify such
individuals. Applying it could provide a most cost-effective
way of preventing the enormous burden of coronary heart
disease, by helping doctors select patients who would
most benefit from interventions and avoiding unnecessary
screening and treatments for those unlikely to benefit.’
Lead author Dr Michael Inouye of the Baker Heart and
Diabetes Institute and University of Cambridge said: ‘The
completion of the first human genome was only 15 years ago.
Today, the combination of data science and massive-scale
genomic cohorts has now greatly expanded the potential of
healthcare.
‘While genetics is not destiny for coronary heart disease,
advances in genomic prediction have brought the long history
of heart disease risk screening to a critical juncture, where
we may now be able to predict, plan for, and possibly avoid a
disease with substantial morbidity and mortality.’
This study was supported by funding from the British
Heart Foundation, National Health and Medical Research
Council (NHMRC, Australia), the Victorian Government
and the Australian Heart Foundation. It was supported
in Leicester by the National Institute for Health Research
(NIHR), Leicester Biomedical Centre – a partnership
between Leicester’s Hospitals, the University of Leicester
and Loughborough University.
Source: Medical Brief 2019