CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL OF AFRICA • Volume 27, No 6, November/December 2016
374
AFRICA
2012;
13
(11): 1067–1079.
22. Jennings CL, Lambert EV, Collins M, Joffe Y, Levitt NS, Goedecke JH.
Determinants of Insulin-resistant phenotypes in normal-weight and
obese black African women. Obesity. 2012;
16
(7): 1602–1609.
23. Goedecke JH, Micklesfield LK, Levitt NS, Lambert EV, West S,
Maartens G,
et al.
Effect of different antiretroviral drug regimens on
body fat distribution of HIV-infected South African women.
AIDS Res
Human Retrovirus
2013;
29
(3): 557–563.
24. Bull FC, Maslin TS, Armstrong T. Global physical activity question-
naire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study.
J Phys Act
Health
2009;
6
(6): 790–804.
25. Steyn NP, Senekal M. A guide for the use of the dietary assessment and
education kit (DEAK). Medical Research Council, Cape Town, 2004.
26. De Villiers A, Lambert EV, Senekal M. Relative validity of a quanti-
fied food frequency questionnaire in black South African women. BSc
(Med) (Hon) in Nutrition and Dietetics. University of Cape Town, Cape
Town, 2006.
27. Kim S, Haines PS, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. The diet quality index
– international (DQI-I) provides an effective tool for cross-national
comparison of diet quality as illustrated by China and the United States.
J Nutr
2003;
133
(11): 3476–384.
28. Lewis CE, Jacobs DR, McCreath H, Kiefe CI, Schreiner PJ, Smith
DE,
et al
. Weight gain continues in the 1990s: 10-year trends in
weight and overweight from the CARDIA study: Coronary Artery
Risk Development In young Adults.
Am J Epidemiol
2000;
151
(12):
1172–1181.
29. Gore SA, Brown DM, West DS. The role of postpartum weight reten-
tion in obesity among women: a review of the evidence.
Ann Behav Med
2003;
26
(2): 149–159.
30. Boardley DL, Sargent RG, Coker AL, Hussey JR, Sharpe PA. The
relationship between diet, activity and other factors, and post partum
weight change by race.
Obstet Gynecol
1995;
86
: 834–838.
31. Parker JD, Abrams B. Differences in postpartum weight retention
between black and white mothers.
Obstet Gynecol
1993;
81
(5, Pt 1):
768–774.
32. Kac G, Abrams B, Benício MHDA, Velásquez-Meléndez G, Valente
JG,
et al.
Gestational weight gain and prepregnancy weight influence
postpartum weight retention in a cohort of brazilian women.
J Nutr
2004;
134
(3): 661–666.
33. Department of Health. South African Demographic and Health Survey
(SADHS) 2008, Oct 9: 1–569.
34. Fernald LCH. Socio-economic status and body mass index in low-
income Mexican adults.
Soc Sci Med
2007;
64
(10): 2030–2042.
35. Subramanian S, Dinsa GD, Perkins JM, Goryakin Y, Ozaltin E,
Fumagalli E,
et al.
Obesity and socioeconomic status in developing
countries: a systematic review.
Obes Rev
2012;
13
(11): 1067–1079.
36. Jennings CL, Gordon-Larsen P, Lambert EV, Collins M, Joffe Y,
et al
.
Determinants of insulin-resistant phenotypes in normal-weight and
obese black African women.
Obesity
2008;
16
(7): 1602–1609.
37. Quatromoni PA, Pencina M, Cobain MR, Jacques PF, D’Agostino
RB. Dietary quality predicts adult weight gain: findings from the
Framingham Offspring Study.
Obesity
2006;
14
(8): 1383–1391.
38. Gordon-Larsen P, Hou N, Sidney S, Sternfeld B, Lewis CE, Jacobs
DR,
et al
. Fifteen-year longitudinal trends in walking patterns and their
impact on weight change.
Am J Clin Nutr
2008;
89
(1): 19–26.
39. Luke A, Cooper RS. Physical activity does not influence obesity risk:
time to clarify the public health message.
Int J Epidemiol
2014;
42
(6):
1831–1836.
40. Nicaise V, Marshall S, Ainsworth BE. Domain-specific physical activ-
ity and self-report bias among low-income Latinas living in San Diego
County.
J Phys Act Health
2011;
8
(7): 881–890.
41. Berenson AB, Rahman M. Changes in weight, total fat, percent body
fat, and central-to-peripheral fat ratio associated with injectable and oral
contraceptive use.
Am J Obst Gynecol
2009;
200
(3): 329.e1–329.
SA
traeH
Europa Organisation Africa
www.africapcr.com|
www.eoafrica.co.za info@eoafrica.co.za| Tel +27 (0)11 325 0020
Your Daily Practice Companion
2017
A course by and for the African
Cardiovascular Community
Save the date!
Century City Conference Centre
Cape Town, South Africa
23–25 March 2017